282 



CHIPPOY CHIRICAHUA 



[b. a. e. 



farther inland. Tlie aggregate number in 

 1884 was 426, and in 1901, 51 8. They are 

 connected with the band at Red Rock on 

 Nipegon bay. (j. m.) 



AUenemipigons.— Denonville (1087), in Margry, 

 D6c., VI, 52, 188G. 



Chippoy. A former Potawatomi vil- 

 lage on Big Shawnee cr., in Fountain 

 CO., lud. It was settled after 1795, and 

 the site was inc-luded in a tract sold in 

 1818 l)y the Miami. (j. m. ) 



Chipaille,— St Mary's treaty with Miamis (1818) in 

 U. S. Ind. Treat.," 493, 1873. Chippoy.— Harri.son 

 (1814) quoted by Drake, Tecumseli, 161, 1852. 



Chiputca. A former village, presumaVjly 

 Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis- 

 sion, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, Oct. 18, LStil. 



Chiricahua ( Apache: ' great mountain ' ) . 

 An important division of the Apache, 



BEDAZ-ISHU— CHIRICAHUA APACHE 



so called from their former mountain 

 home in s. e. Arizona. Their own 

 name is Aiaha. The Chiricahua were 

 the most warlike of the Arizona In- 

 dians, their raids extending into New 

 Mexico, s. Arizona, and n. Sonora, among 

 their most noted leaders being Cochise, 

 Victorio, Loco, Chato, Nachi, Bonito 

 and Ceronimo. Physically they do not 

 differ materially from the other Apache. 

 The men are well built, muscular, with 

 well-developed chests, sound and regular 

 teeth, and abundant hair. The women 

 are even more vigorous and strongly 

 built, with broad shoulders and hips 

 and a tendency to corpulency in old 

 age. They habitually wear a pleasant 

 open expression of countenance, exhibit- 

 ing uniform good nature, save when in 



anger their face takes on a savage cast. 

 White thought their manner of life, gen- 

 eral physique, and mental disi^osition 

 seemed conducive to long life. Their 

 characteristic long-legged moccasins of 

 deerskin have a stout sole turning 

 up at the toes, and the legs of the moc- 

 casins, long enough to reach the thigh, 

 are folded back below the knee, form- 

 ing a pocket in which are carried paints 

 and a knife. The women wore short 

 skirts of buckskin, and the men used to 

 display surplus skins folded about the 

 waist. Their arrows were made of 

 reed tipped with obsidian or iron, the 

 shaft winged with three strips of feathers. 

 They used in battle a long spear and a 

 slung-shot made by inserting a stone into 

 the green hide of a cow's tail, leaving a 

 portion of the hair attached. They pos- 

 sessed no knowledge of weaving blankets. 

 White (MS., B. A. E.) supposed that 

 they had immigrated into Arizona from 

 New [Mexico three or four generations 

 back. Their camps were located on the 

 highlands in winter that they might catch 

 the warm rays of the sun, and in summer 

 near the water among stunted trees that 

 sheltered them from its scorching glare. 

 Their bands or clans were named from the 

 nature of the ground about their chosen 

 territory. Both men and women were 

 fond of wearing necklaces and ear pend- 

 ants of beads. The hair was worn long 

 and flowing, with a turban, to which was 

 attached a flap hanging down behind; 

 tliey plucked out the hairs of the beard 

 with tweezers of tin, and wore suspended 

 fron:i their necks a small round mirror 

 which they used in painting their faces 

 with stripes of brilliant colors. Strings of 

 pieces of shell were highly prized. Their 

 customary dwelling was a rude brush hut, 

 circular or oval, with the earth scooped 

 out to enlarge its capacity. In winter 

 they huddled together for warmth and, 

 if the hut was large, built a fire in the 

 center. When they changed camp they 

 burned their huts, which were always 

 built close together. They subsisted on 

 berries, nuts, and the fruit of various trees, 

 mesquite beans, and acorns, of which 

 they were particularly fond, and they 

 ground the seeds of different grasses on 

 a large flat stone and made a paste with 

 water, drying it afterward in the sun. 

 They relished the fruit of cacti and of 

 the yucca, and made mescal from the 

 root of the agave. Fish they would not 

 eat, nor pork, but an unborn calf and the 

 entrails of animals they regarded as deli- 

 cacies, and horse and mule flesh was con- 

 sidered the best meat. Though selfish in 

 most things, they were hospitable with 

 food, which was free to anyone who 

 was hungry. They were scrupulous in 

 keeping accounts and paying debts. 



