284 



CHIRICAHUA 



[b. a. e. 



never were punished. The men engaged 

 in pastimes every day, and boys in mock 

 combats, hurUng stones at each other 

 with slings. Young wives and maidens 

 did only light work, the heavy tasks be- 

 ing performed by the older women. 

 People met and parted without any form 

 of salute. Kissing was unknown. Ex- 

 cept mineral vermilion, the colors with 

 which they painted their faces and dyed 

 grasses for baskets were of vegetal ori- 

 gin — yellow from beech and willow liark, 

 red from the cactus. They would not 

 kill the golden eagle, but would pluck 

 its feathers, which they prized, and for 

 the hawk and the bear they had a super- 

 stitious regard in a lesser degree. Tiiey 

 made tizwin, an intoxicating drink, from 

 corn, burying it until it sjjrouted, grind- 

 ing it, and then allowing the mash 

 diluted with water to ferment. The 

 women carried heavy burdens on their 

 backs, held by a strap passed over the 

 forehead. Their basket work was imper- 

 vious to water and ornamented with 

 designs similar to those of the Pima, 

 except that human figures frequently 

 entered into the decorative motive. 

 Baskets 2^ ii. in length and 18 in. 

 wide at the mouth were used in collect- 

 ing food, which was frequently brought 

 from a great distance. When one of 

 the tribe died, men carried the corpse, 

 wrapped in the blankets of the deceased, 

 with other trifling personal effects, to an 

 obscure jilace in low ground and there 

 buried it at once, jailing stones over the 

 grave to protect it from coyotes or other 

 prowling beasts. No women were al- 

 lowed to follow, and no Apache ever 

 revisited the spot. Female relatives kept 

 up their lamentations for a month, utter- 

 ing loud wails at sunset. The hut in 

 which a person died was always burned 

 and often the camp was removed. 

 Widows used to cut off their hair and 

 paint their faces black for a year, during 

 whicli time the mourner lived in the fam- 

 ily of the husband's brother, whose wife 

 she became at the expiry of the mourn- 

 ing. They had a number of dances, 

 notably the "devil dance," with clowns, 

 masks, headdresses, etc., in which the 

 participants jumped over fire, and a 

 spirited war dance, with weapons and 

 shooting in time to a song. When any- 

 body fell sick several fires were built in 

 the camp, and while the rest lay around 

 on the ground with solemn visages, the 

 young men, their faces covered with 

 paint, seized firebrands and ran around 

 and through the fires and about the lodge 

 of the sick person, whooping continually 

 and flourishing the brands to drive away 

 the evil spirit. They had a custom, when 

 a girl arrived at puberty, of having the 

 other young girls lightly tread on her 



back as she lay face downward, the cere- 

 mony being followed by a dance. 



In 1872 tlie Chiricahua were visited by 

 a special commissioner, who concluded 

 an agreement with Cochise, their chief, 

 to cease hostilities and to use his influence 

 with the otlier Apache to tliis end. By 

 the autumn of this year more than 1,000 

 of the tribe were settled on the newly 

 established Chiricahua res., s. e. Ariz. 

 Cochise died in 1874, and was succeeded 

 as chief by his son Taza, who remained 

 friendly to the Government; but the 

 killing of some settlers who had sold 

 whisky to the Indians caused an inter- 

 tribal broil, which, in connection with 

 the proximity of the Chiricahua to the 

 international boundarj^, resulted in the 

 abolishment of the reservation against 

 their will. Camp Apache agency was es- 

 tablished in 1872, and in the year follow- 

 ing 1,675 Indians were placed thereunder;, 

 but in 1875 this agency was discontinued 

 and the Indians, much to their discontent, 

 were transferred to San Carlos, where 

 their enemies, the Yavapai, had also been 

 removed. For further information re- 

 garding the dealings of the Chiricahua 

 with the Government, see Apache. 



The members of Geronimo's band, 

 which was captured in 1886 and sent by 

 the War Department in turn to Florida, 

 Alabama, and Oklahoma, are now at Ft 

 Sill, Okla., where they number 298. 

 The remaining Chiricahua are included 

 among the Apache under Ft Apache and 

 San Carlos agencies, Ariz. The Pinaleno 

 are that part of the Chiricahua formerly 

 residing in the Pinal mts. 

 Ai-aha.— ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 197, 1885. 

 Aiha. — Ibid. Apaches Broncos. — Steck in Cal. 

 Farmer, June 5, 1SG3 (Span.: 'wild Apaches'). 

 Apaches Chiricaguis. — Maver, ^lexieo, II, 38,1853. 

 Broncos.— Taylor in Cal." Farmer, Feb. 14, 1862. 

 Cherecaquis,— SimjisDn in Rep. Sec. War, 57, 1850. 

 Chericahui.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 94, 1870. Chica- 

 raguis.— Bonnyeastle, Span. Am., 68,1819. Chigui- 

 cagui.— Anza (1769) in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., 

 II, 114, is.'ifi. Chilcow.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1871, 3, 1872. 

 Chilecagc- Ind. Aff. Rep., 122,1861. Chile Cowes.— 

 Ibid., .506, 1,S65. Chilicagua.— Ibid., 1859, 336, 1860. 

 Chiricaguis.— Garees (1769) in Doe. Hist. Mex., 4th 

 s., II, 375, 1856. Chiricahni.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1869, 

 223, 1870. Chiricahua.— White, MS. Hist, of Apa- 

 ches, B. A. E., 1875. Chir-i-ca-huans.— Hodge, 

 Arizona, 163, 1877. Chiricahues. — Escudero, Not. 

 Estad. de Chihnahua, 212, 1S34. Chi-ri-ca-hui.— 

 Cremony, Life Among Apaches, 33,1868. Chirica- 

 quis.— Ruxton, .-^dvenlnres, 194, 1848. Chiri- 

 cuagi.— Stone in Hist. Mag., V, 166, 1861. Chiri- 

 guais.— Kingslev, Stand. Nat. Hist., pt. 6, 180, 1883. 

 Chirikahwa.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 246, 1877. Chiri- 

 quans. — Smet, Letters, 135, 1843. Chirocahue. — 

 Garcia in Soc. Mex. Geog. Boletin, v, 314, 1861. 

 Cohila Apache.— Graves in Ind. Aff. Rep., 439, 1853. 

 Haya-a.— Gat.schet, MS., B. A. E. Hayaha.— Ibid. 

 (' live in the east ': so called by the White Moun- 

 tain Apache, because they formerly lived at Hot 

 Springs, N. Mex.). Heya,— Gatschet, Yuma-Spr., 

 I, 370, 1883 (Apache name: 'below'). Hi-ar.— 

 White, MS. Hist, of Apaches, B. A. E., 1875 (so 

 called by other Apache: trans., ' lived away off"). 

 Pa 'luen ab ponin.— (Jatschet, MS. Isleta vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1885 (Isleta name) . Segatajenne. — Orozco 

 V Berra, Geog., 59, IsiM. Sagetaen-ne.— Escudero, 

 Not. Estad. de Chihuahua, 212, 1834. Southern 



