286 



CHISKIAC CHITSA 



[I 



Jasper co., Misp. (West Fla. map, en. 

 1775) . 



Chiskiac. A tribe of the Powhatan 

 confederacy formerly Hving in York co., 

 Va. They numl^erexl al)out 200 in 1608. 

 At that time their principal village, of the 

 same name, was on the s. side of York 

 r., about 10 m. below the junction of the 

 Mattapony and Pannnikey. (.J. m. ) 



Chickiaes. — Boudinot, Star in the West, 126, lSl(i. 

 Chiskact.— Smith (1629), Virginia, ll, 77, repr. 1819. 

 Chiskiack.— Ibid., i, 117. Kiskiack. — Ibid., I, map. 

 Kiskiak.— Strachey {ru. 1612) , Virginia, 36, 1849. 



Chisnedinadinaye ( ' walnut ' ) A clan or 

 band of the Pinal Covoteros ( Bourke in 

 Jour. Am. Folk-lore, ni, 112, 1890), coor- 

 dinate with the Chiltneyadnaye clan of 

 the White Mountain Apache. 



Chisro. The Snow-bunting clan of the 

 Hopi of Arizona. 



Tcisro -wiiiwu.— Fewkes in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 584, 

 1900 (!('(/ii(7( = 'clan '). Tci'-sro wiin-wu. — Fewkes 

 in Am. Anthrop., vir, 40.5, 1894. 



Chitchakos. See Chechaivkose. 



Chitliut. Mentioned as a band associ- 

 ated with the Squaksin and Puyallup of 

 Puget sd., Wash.; not to be confounded 

 with Chitwout, a synonym of Similka- 

 meen. 



Chit-hut.— Simmons in Ind. Aff. Rep., 226, 1858. 



Chitimaclia( Choctaw :c/a<y« 'cooking pot,' 

 iiiasJta 'they possess': 'they have cook- 

 ing vessels'). A tribe, forming the Chit- 

 imachan linguistic family, whose earliest 

 known habitat was the shores of Grand 

 lake, formerly Lake of the Shetimasha, and 

 the banks of Grand r. , La. Some 16 or 18 

 of the tribe were livingonGrand r. in 1881, 

 butthe majority, about85, lived atCharen- 

 ton, on the s. side of Bayou Teche, in St 

 Mary's parish, about 10 m. from the gulf. 

 The remnant resides in the same district, 

 but the present population is not known. 

 The name of these Indians for themselves 

 is Pantch-pinunkansh, 'men altogether 

 red,' a designation apparently applied 

 after the advent of the whites. The 

 Chitimacha came into notice soon after 

 the French settled Louisiana, through 

 the murder by one of their men of the 

 missionary St Cosme on the Mississippi 

 in 1706. This was followed by protracted 

 war with the French, who compelled them 

 to sue for peace, which was granted by 

 Bienville on condition that the head of 

 the murderer be brought to him; this 

 done, peace was concluded. The tribe 

 then must have been reduced to a small 

 number of warriors, though Le Page du 

 Pratz, who was present at the final cere- 

 mony, says they arrived at the meeting 

 place in many pirogues. Little is known 

 in regard to their customs. Fish and the 

 roots of native plants constituted their 

 food, but later they planted maize and 

 sweet potatoes. They were strict monoga- 

 mists, and though the women appear to 

 have had considerable authority in their 

 government, there were no indications of 



totems or the gentile system among them. 

 The men wore their hair long, with a piece 

 of lead at the end of the queue, and tat- 

 tooed their arms, legs, and faces. The 

 noonday sun is said to have been their 

 principal deity. The dead were buried 

 in graves, and after the flesh had decayed 

 the bones were taken up and reinterred. 

 Their villages or former settlements so far 

 as known were: Amati)an, Grosse Tete 

 Tchetin, Hipinimtch, Kamenakshtchat, 

 Kushuh, Namukatsup, Nekunsisnis, Net- 

 pinunsh, Shoktangihanehetchinsh, Tcha- 

 tikutingi, Tchatkasitunshki, Tsakhtsin- 

 shup. Chitimacha villages were situated 

 also on the site of Donaldsonville, As- 

 cension parish, on the w. bank of the 

 Mississippi (here St Cosme was murdered 

 in 1706), and at the mouth of Bayou La- 

 fourche. See Trans. Anthrop. Soc.Wash., 



II, 148, 1883. (.\. s. G.) 

 Chetemachas. — Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. 

 Soc, II, 1)1. 1, 77, 1848. Chetimachas.— Gallatin in 

 Trans. Am. Antiq. S'lC, 11,306,1836. Chitimachas.— 

 Il)id., 114. Pa'ntch pinunkansh. — Gatschet in 

 Trans. Anthrop. Soe. Wash., n, l."iO, 1883. Sheti- 

 masha. — Ibid., 148. Shyoutemacha. — Ibid., 150 

 (early French lorm). Tchikemaha.— Ibid. (Ali- 

 bamii name). Tchitimachas. — Le Page dii Pratz, 

 Hist, de la Louisiane, I, S3, 17.58. Tchoutymacha. — 

 Gatschet, op. cit., 1.50 (early French form). 

 Yachimichas.— Martin, Hist. La., 1, 167, 1827 (men- 

 tioned wall Chitimacha, but probably the same). 



Chitimachan Family. A linguistic fam- 

 ily consisting solely of the Chitimacha 

 tribe (q. v. ), from which it takes its name. 

 See Powell in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 66, 1891. 



Chititiknewas (Yokuts name). A for- 

 mer division of theBankalachi that lived 

 on upper Deer cr., s. e. of Tulare lake, 

 Cal. (a. l. k.) 



Cheticnewash.— Wessells (18.53) in H.R Ex. Doc. 

 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 32, 1857. 



Chitklin's Village. A summer camp of 

 one of the Taku chiefs ( Koluschan family ) 

 named TcIitLen ( 'big tent,' a bird). 11.S 

 people were there in 1880. — Petroff in 

 10th Census, Alaska, 32, 1884. 



Chitlatamus. A Kuitsh village on lower 

 Umpqiia r., Oreg. 

 Tci'tla-ta'-mus.— Dorsey in Jour Am Folk-lore, 



III, 231, 1S90. ' 



Chitmunk. See Chipmunk. 

 Chitnak. A Yuit Eskimo village on the 

 s. shore of St Lawrence id., Bering sea. 



Shetnak,— Elliott, Our Arct. Prov., map, 1S.S6. 

 Shitnak.— Nelson in 18th Rep. B. A. E., map, 1899. 



Chito ('large' [people]). A Choctaw 

 gens of the Watakihulata phratrv. — Mor- 

 gan, Anc. Soc, 162, 1878. 



Chitola. The nearly extinct Rattle- 

 snake clan of the Zuiii. 



Chitola-kwe.— Gushing in 13th Rep. B. A. E., 

 368, 1S96 (A-ice=' people'). 



Chitsa ( refers to anything of a pale color; 

 specifically, 'fair people'). One of the 

 three classes or castes into which the 

 Kutchakutchin are divided, the others 

 being the Natesa and the Tangesatsa, 

 faintly representing, respectively, "the 

 aristocracy, the middle classes, and the 

 poorer orders of civilized nations. ' ' Mar- 



