BULL. 30] 



CHOCTAW CAPITALE 



289 



The population of the tribe when it 

 tirst came into relations with the French, 

 about the vear 1700, has been estimated 

 at from 15,1)00 to 20,000. Their number 

 in 1904 was 17,805, exclusive of 4,722 

 Choctaw freedmen (negroes). These are 

 all under the Union agency, Ind. Ter. 

 To these must be added a small number 

 in Mississippi and Louisiana. 



There are, or at least were formerly, 

 several dialects spoken in different sec- 

 tions; these, however, differed so little 

 that they have not been considered 

 worthy of special mention. The small 

 Muskhogean tribes known as Mobilian, 

 Tohome or Tomez, Tawasa, Mugulasha, 

 Acolapissa, Huma, and Conshac (q. v.), 

 on the gulf coast of Mississippi and Ala- 

 bama, are sometimes called Choctaw, but 

 the Choctaw proper had their villages 

 inland, on the upper courses of theChicka- 

 sawhay, Pearl, and Big Black rs. and the 

 w. affluents of the Tombigbee. At least 

 in later times they were distinguished 

 into three sections, each under its mingo 

 or chief. The western division was called 

 Oklafalaya, 'the long people,' and con- 

 sisted of small, scattered villages; the 

 northeastern, Ahepatokla (Oypatukla), 

 ' potato-eating jieople,' and the southeast- 

 ern district came to be called Oklahannali, 

 'Sixtowns,' from the name of the domi- 

 nant subdivision. The people of these 

 two latter districts lived in large towns for 

 mutual defense against their constant 

 enemies the Creeks. Gatschet gives Cobb 

 Indians as the name of those Choctaw 

 settled w. of Pearl r. 



According to Morgan ( Ancient Society, 

 99, 162, 1877) the Choctaw were divided 

 into two phratries, each including 4 

 gentes, as follows: A, Kushapokla (Di- 

 vided people): 1, Kushiksa (Reed); 2, 

 Lawokla; 3, Lulakiksa; 4, Linoklusha; 

 B, Watakihulata (Beloved people): 1, 

 Chufaniksa (Beloved people); 2, Isku- 

 lani (Small people); 3, Chito (Large peo- 

 ple); 4, Shakchukla (Crayfish people). 

 Besides these, mention is made of a gens 

 named Urihesahe (Wright in Ind. Aff. 

 Rep. 1843, 348), which has not been 

 identified. Morgan's list is probably far 

 from complete. 



Following are names of Choctaw vil- 

 lages: Alamucha, Alloou Loanshaw, Aya- 

 nabi, Bayou Chicot, Bishkon, Bissasha, 

 Bogue Toocola Chitto, Booctolooee, Bouc- 

 fouca, Boutte Station, Cabea Hoola, Ca- 

 hawba Old Towns, Cheponta's Village, 

 Chicasawhay,Chinakbi,Chishafoka,Chis- 

 kelikbatcha, Chomontokali, Chooca Hoo- 

 la, Chunkey, Chunkey Chitto, Coatraw, 

 Coila, Concha, Conchachitou, Concha 

 Consapa, Conchatikpi, Coosha, Coue- 

 chitou, Cushtusha, Cutha Aimethaw, 

 Cuthi Uckehaca, East Abeika, Ebita Poo- 

 colo Chitto, Ebita Poocolo Skatane, Es- 



cooba, Etuck Chukke, Faluktabunnee, 

 Fuketcheepoonta, Haanka Ullah, Heito- 

 towa, Hoola-tassa, Hyukkeni, Ikatchi- 

 ocata, Imongalasha, Imongalasha Ska- 

 tane, Kaffetalaya, Lukfa, Lushapa, INIahe- 

 wala, ^"ashwaiya, Oka Altakala, Oka 

 Chippo, Oka Coopoly, Oka Hullo, Oka 

 Kapassa, Okalusa, Okapoolo, OkaTalaya, 

 Okhata Talaya, Olitassa, Oony, Oske- 

 lagna, Osuktalaya, Otakshanabe, Panthe, 

 Pineshuk, Pooscoostekale, Pooshapuka- 

 nuk, Sapa Chitto, Sapeessa, Schekaha, 

 Shanhaw, Shukhata, Shuqualak, Skanapa, 

 Sukinatchi, Tala, TaUepataua, Talpahoka, 

 Teeakhaily Ekutapa, Tombigbee, Toni- 

 cahaw. West Abeika, Wia Takali, Yagna 

 Shoogawa, Yanatoe, Y'^azoo, Yazoo Ska- 

 tane, Yovvani. (j. k. s. c. t. ) 



Ani'-Tsata. Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509, 

 1900 (Cherokee name; sing. Tsa'ta). ga'-ta.— Dor- 

 sey, OsageMS.vocab., B. A. E., 1883 (Osage name). 

 Chacatos. — Barcia, Ensavo, 313, 1723. Chacktaws. — 

 Jefferson (1781), Notes, 144, 1825. Chactah.— 

 Raflnesqiie, Am. Nations, I, 241, 18:3t;'i. Chac- 

 tanys. — Ann. Propagation de la Foi, ll, 380, 1841. 

 Chactas. — Parraud, Hist. Kentucke, 111, 1785. 

 Chactaws.— Jefferys, French Dom., i, 153, 1761. 

 Cha'hta, — Gatschet in American Antiq., iv, 76, 

 1881-82. Chaktaws.— X. Y. Stat, at Large, Treaty 

 of 1808, vn, 98, 1846. Chaltas.— Coxe, Caro- 

 lana, map, 1741 (misprint). Chaqueta. — Iberville 

 (1700) in Margry, Dec, IV, 463, 1880. Cha- 

 quitas. — Ibid., 419. Chataw, — Rogers, North 

 America, 204, 1765. Chat-Kas.— Du Pratz, Hist. 

 La., II, 216, 1758. Chatkaws. -Jefferys, French 

 Dom., I. 165, 1761. Chattaes. — Co.Ke, Carolana, 

 map, 1741. Chattas. — Ibid., 25. Chattoes.— Ibid., 

 22. Chawetas.— Perrin du Lac, Vov., 368, 1805. 

 Chectaws.— Morse, N. Am., 218, 1776. Chicktaws.— 

 Rogers, North America, 203, 1765. Chictaws. — Ibid., 

 238. Chocataus. — Disturnell, map Mejico, 1846. 

 Chocktaws.— Ellicott, Jour., 35, 1797. Chocta,— 

 Latham (1844) in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lend., I, 

 160, 1848. Choctaughs.— Catesby, Nat. Hist. Car., 

 II, xi, 1743. Choctaw.— French writer (ca. 1727) 

 in Shea, Cath. Missions, 429, 18.55. Choctos.— 

 Domenech, Deserts, ii, 193, 1860. Choktah.— Bar- 

 ton, New Views, 1, 1798. Choktaus,— Am. Pioneer, 

 I, 408, 1842. Choktaw.— Boudinot, Star in the 

 West, 184, 1816. Chouactas.— Martin, Hist, of La., 

 I, 249, 1827. Chukaws.— Boudinot, op. cit., 126. 

 Flat Heads, — Jeffervs, French Dom., 135, map, 

 1761. Flats.— Bartram, Travels, 615, 1791. Hen- 

 ne'sh. — Gatschet, inf'n (Arapaho name). Nabug- 

 gindebaig. — Tanner, Narrative, 316, 1830, ('flat 

 heads': the name given by the Ottawa to a tribe 

 "said to have lived below the Illinois r."; proba- 

 bly Choctaw). Sanakiwa. — Gatschet, inf'n (Chey- 

 enne name: 'feathers sticking up above the 

 ears'). Shacktaus. — Pcnhallow (1726) in N. H. 

 Hist. Coll., Ists., 79, 1824. Shocktaus.— Niles (1760) 

 iu Mass. Hist. Coll., 4th s., 332, 1861. Ta-qta,— 

 Dorsey, Kwapa MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1891 (Kwapa 

 name). Tca-qta an-ya-di. — Dorsev, Biloxi MS. 

 Diet., B. A. E., 1892 (one of the Biloxi names). 

 Tca-qta ha"-ya.— Ibid, (another Biloxi name). 

 Tca-ta.— Ibid., Kansa MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1882 

 (Kansa name). Tchactas. — Charlevoix, Voy. to 

 N. A., II, 210, 1766. Tchatakes.— Margrv, D^c, II, 

 197, 1.S77. Tchiactas.— Bienville (1708) in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist , IX, 925, 1855. Tetes Plates.— Pic- 

 quet letter (1752) in Parkman, Montcalm and 

 Wolfe, II, 417, 1884. Tsah-tii.— Gravson, Creek MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E.,-1885 (Creek name). Tsaxta.— 

 Miiller, Grundriss der Sprachwis-senschaft, ii, pt. 

 1, 232, 1882. Tschaktaer.— Ally (1712), Historic der 

 Reisen, xvi, 1758. Tubbies.— Am. Notes and 

 Queries, viii, 281, Apr. 16, 1892. 



Choctaw Capitale. On a French map of 

 1777 this name appears on an affluent of 

 Pascagoula r., Miss., e. of Yowani and 

 Chicasawhay. On Philippeaux's map 



Bull. 30—05- 



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