292 



CHOSRO CHOWCHILLA 



[ B. A. E. 



Chorruco. — Ibid. ,84. Chorucco. — Smith, Cabezade 

 Vaea, index, 1871. Choruico. — Latham, Elem. 

 Comp. rhilol., 466, 1862. 



Chosho. A Chiiinashan village formerly 

 on Santa Cruz id., Cal., i^robably e. of 

 Prisoner's harbor. 

 Tco-cb. — Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab.,B. 



A. E., 1884. 



Chosro. The Bluebird clan of the Hopi. 

 Chore— Dorsey and Voth, Mishongnovi Ceremo- 

 nies, 175, 1902. Chorzh. — Voth, Oraibi Summer 

 Snake Ceremony, 283, 1903. Chorzh-iiamu. — Voth, 

 Trad, of the Hopi, 37, 1905. Tco'-ro wun-wu.— 

 Fewkes in Am. Anthrop., vii, 404, 1S94 (wiin-u'u 

 =:'clan'). Tcosro wiiiwu. — Fewkes in 19th Rep. 



B. A. E., 584, 1900. Tco'-zir.— Steplien in 8th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 38, 1891 (given as the .Jay clan). 



Chotanksofkee {tchat aksofka 'preci- 

 pice'). A town situated 1 m. s. w. of 

 Eufaula, in the Creek Nation, Ind. Ter. 

 (H. R. Doc. 80, 27th Cong., 'M sess., 8, 

 1843). In the old Creek country there 

 was formerly a settlement of the same 

 name, probably near Abikudshi, e. of 

 upper Coosa r., Ala. (a. s. g.) 



Choupetoulas. A village formerly on 

 the left bank of the Mississippi, 2 or 3 

 leagues above New Orleans; spoken of 

 by Penicaut in 1718 as old and apparently 

 abandoned. The name of the people, 

 who were possibly of Choctaw affinity, is 

 perpetuated in that of a street in New 

 Orleans. (a. s. g.) 



Chapitoulas. — Dumont, La., I, 13, 1753. Choupi- 

 toulas.— Pt'nicaut (1718) in French, Hist. CulL 

 La., 141, 1869. Tchoupitoulas.— French, Hist. Coll. 

 La., Ill, 59, note, 1851. 



Choutikwuchik (Pima: TcolXfik Wil^tctk, 

 'charcoal laying'). A former village of 

 the Maricopa, in s. Arizona, which was 

 abandoned by its inhabitants on their 

 removal down the Gila to their present 

 location below Gila crossing. It was 

 then occupied by the Pima, who in turn 

 abandoned it.— Russell, MS., B. A. E., 

 16, 1902. 



Chowanoc ( Algonquian: shawUni 'south' ; 

 shainmogi 'they of the south,' 'southern- 

 ers.' — W. J.). A tribe formerly living on 

 Chowan r.,N. e. N. C, about the junc- 

 tion of Meherrin and Nottoway rs. In 

 1584-85, when first known, they were the 

 leading tribe in that region. Two of 

 their villages at that time were Ohanoak 

 and Maraton, and they probably occupied 

 also Catoking and Metocaum. Ohanoak 

 alone was said to have 700 warriors. They 

 gradually dwindled away before the 

 whites, and in 1701 were reduced to a sin- 

 gle village on Bennetts cr. They joined in 

 the Tuscarora war against the whites In 

 1711-12, and at its close the remnant, esti- 

 mated at about 240, were assigned a small 

 reservation on Bennetts and Catherine 

 crs. In 1820 they were supposed to be 

 extinct. In addition to the settlements 

 named, the Chowanoc also occupied Ra- 

 mushonok. (j. m. ) 



Chawanock.— Barlow (1584) in Smith (1629), Vir- 

 ginia, I, 84, repr. 1819. Chawanook.— Greenville 



(1585) in Hawks, N. C, l, 112, 1859. Chawon- 

 acks.— Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., ix, 15, 1871. 

 Chawonests, — Lane (1586) in Smith (1629), Vir- 

 ginia, I, 88, repr. 1819. Chawonoack,— Ibid., 87, 

 90. Chawonock.— Ibid. Chawonoks. — Ibid. Cha- 

 wons.— Dutch map (1621) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 I, 18.56. Chawoon. — Home, map (1666) in Hawks, 

 N. C, 11, 1858. Chawwonocks.— Smith (1629), op. 

 cit., I, 75, repr. 1819. Chawwonoke. — Pots, ibid., 

 230. Choan.— Doc of 1653 in N. C. Rec, I, 17, 1886. 

 Choanists.— Lane (1586) in Hakluyt, Voy., Ill, 314, 

 repr.1810. Chowah. — Latham, Elem. Comp. Philol., 

 466, 1862. Chowan.— Doc. of 1663 in N. C. Rec, I, 54, 

 1886. Chowane. — Ibid., 55. Chowanoake. — Doc. of 

 1707, ibid., 657. Chowanocs.— Jefferson, Notes, 

 129, 1825. Chowanok.— Drake, Bk. Inds., vii, 1848. 

 Chowanooke. — Strachey {ca. 1612), Virginia, 143, 

 1849. Chowou.— Lawson (1710), Hist. Car.. 353, 

 repr. 1860 (misprint for Chu won). Chuwon. — Ibid., 

 383. Shawan.— Lederer (1670) in Hawks, N. C, ii, 

 45, 18.58 (used as a synonym for Roanoke r.) 



Chowchilla. A name applied in various 

 forms to two distinct divisions of Cali- 

 fornia, one belonging to the Miwok (Mo- 

 quelumnan family), the other to the 

 Yokuts (Mariposan family). The former 

 lived on the upper waters of Fresno and 

 Chowchilla rs., and the latter, properly 

 called Chaushi la (q.v. ), probably on lower 

 Chowchilla r., in the plains and lowest 

 foothills. Recorded under many forms 

 of the same name from the time of the 

 gold excitement, the two divisions have 

 been inextricably confused. A treaty was 

 made with them and numerous other 

 tribes Apr. 29, 1851, by which a tract be- 

 tween Chowchilla and Kaweah rs. was 

 reserved for their use. At this time the 

 Yokuts Chowchilla, or Chaushila, to- 

 gether with the Howeches, Chukchansi, 

 Pohoniche, and Nukchu were said to be 

 under a single chief called Naiyakqua. 

 The Miwok division, apparently, were 

 considered the most powerful and warlike 

 people of that region, and to them was 

 attributed the greater part of the hos- 

 tilities, murders, and robberies that had 

 occurred, although this arraignment is 

 probably due to nothing more than the 

 defense by the Indians of themselves and 

 their homes against the depredations of 

 lawless whites. These numbered only 85 

 in 1857. The reservation was abandoned 

 by 1859, and a smaller one, w. of Madera, 

 was set aside; this, however, was seem- 

 ingly never confirmed. There are some 

 survivors of the Miwok Chowchilla living 

 along the upper waters of the stream that 

 bears their name. 



Chau-chil'-la. — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., in, 

 349, 1877. Chouchillas.— Barbour et al. (1851) in 

 Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec. sess., 61, 1853. Chou- 

 chille.— Johnston (1851), ibid., 65. Chou-chillies.— 

 McKee et al. (1851), ibid., 74. Chow-chi-la.— Wes- 

 sells (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d 

 sess., 30, 1857. Chow-chi-liers.— Johnston in Sen. 

 Ex. Doc. 61, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 22, 1852. Chow- 

 chillas.— Lewis in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857, 399, 1858. 

 Chowchille.— Johnston (1851) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 

 32d Cong., spec, sess., 64, 18.53. Chow-chill-ies, — 

 McKee et al. in Ind. Aff. Rep., 223, 18.51. Chow- 

 elas.— Henley in Ind. Aff. Rep., 512, 1854. Cow- 

 ehillas.— Beale (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., 

 spec, sess., 378, 1853. 



