310 



CLISTOWACK A CLOTH! NG 



[B. A. E. 



Clistowacka. A Delaware village for- 

 merly near Bethlehem, Pa. — Loskiel 

 (1742) in Day, Penn., 517, 1843. 



Clocktoot. A body of Shuswap of Kam- 

 loopH agency, Brit. Col. ; pop. 194 in 1884. 

 Clock-toot.— Can. Ind. Aff., pt. I, 1S8, 1884. 



Clo-oose. A Nitinat village at the 

 mouth of Suwany r., s. w. coast of Van- 

 couver id.; pop. 80 in 1902. — Can. Ind. 

 Aff., 264, 1902. 



Cloquallum. A former subdivision and 

 village of the Upper Chehalis on a river 

 of the same name in w. Washington. 

 Clickquamish — Ford in Ind. Aff. Rep., 341, 1857 

 (called Lower Chehalis, but probably the .same 

 as the above.) Kla-kwul-lum.— Boas, inf'n, 1904. 

 Luqlu'lEm, — Ibid. 



Clothing, The tribes of northern Amer- 

 ica belong in general to the wholly 

 clothed peoples, the exceptions being 

 those inhabiting the warmer regions of s. 

 United States and the Pacific coast, who 



FLORIDA WAR CHIEF; SlATEENTH CENTUR 



were semiclothed. Tanned skin of the 

 deer family was generally the material for 

 clothing throughout the greater part of 

 the country, and dressed fur skins and 

 pelts of birds sewed together were invari- 

 ably used by the Eskimo. The hide of the 



OY-s Costume; wester 

 Eskimo. ( Murdoch * 



buffalo was worn for robes by tribes of 

 the plains, and even for dresses and leg- 

 gings by older people, but the leather 

 was too harsh for clothing generally, 

 while elk or moose skin, although soft, 

 was too thick. Fabrics of bark, hair, 

 fur, mountain-sheep wool, and feathers 

 were made in the n. Pacific, Pueblo, 

 and southern regions, 

 and cotton has been 

 woven l)y the Hopi 

 from ancient times. 

 Climate, environ- 

 ment, elevation, and 

 oceanic currents de- 

 termined the materi- 

 als used for clothing 

 as well as the demand 

 for clothing. Sinew 

 from the tendons of 

 the larger animals was 

 the usual sewing ma- 

 terial, but fibers of 

 plants, especially the 

 agave, were also em- 

 ployed. Bone awls 

 were used in sewing; 

 l)oiie needles were 

 rarely employed and 

 were too large for fine work. The older 

 needlework is of exceptionally good char- 

 acter and shows great skill with the awl. 

 Unlike many other arts, sewing was prac- 

 tised by both sexes, and each sex usually 

 made its own clothing. The ty})ical and 

 more familiar costume of the Indian man 

 was of tanned buckskin and consisted 

 of a shirt, a breeriicloth, leggings tied 

 to a l)elt or waist-strap, and low mocca- 

 sins. The shirt, which hung free over 

 the hips, was provided with sleeves and 

 was designed to be drawn over the head. 

 The woman's costume differed from that 

 of the man in the 

 length of the shirt, 

 which had short 

 .'^leeves hanging 

 loosely over the 

 upper arm, and in 

 the absence of 

 the breechcloth. 

 Women also wore 

 tiie belt to confine 

 the garment at the 

 waist. Robes of 

 skin, woven fabrics, 

 iir of feathers were 

 also worn, but 

 l)Iankets(q.v. )were 

 substituted forthese 

 later. The costume 

 presented tribal dif- 

 ferences in cut, color, and ornamentation. 

 The free edges were generally fringed, and 

 quill embroidery and beadwork, paint- 

 ing, scalp-locks, tails of animals, feathers, 

 claws, hoofs, shells, etc., were applied 



cs COSTUME; Wester 

 (Murdoch) 



