312 



CLOTHING 



[b. a. e. 



bags, paint bag?, etc. Larger pouches 

 and pipe bags of fur or deerskin, beaded 

 or ornamented with quiilwork, and of 

 plain skin, netting, or woven stuff, were 

 slung from the 

 shoulder. Neck- 

 laces, earrings, 

 charms, and lirace- 

 lets in infinite va- 

 riety formed a part 

 of the clothing, and 

 BASKETRY hat; HAiDA. (nibuack) thc wrist-guard to 

 protect the arm from the recoil of the 

 bow-string was general. 



Shortly after the advent of whites In- 

 dian costume was profoundly modified 

 over a vast area of 

 America by the 

 copying of Euro- 

 pean dress and the 

 use of traders' stuffs. 

 Knowledge of pre- 

 historic and early 

 historic primitive 

 textile fabrics has 

 been derived from impressions of fabrics 

 on pottery and from fal)rics themselves 

 that havel"'(-n iircsiiv('(l by charring in 



Basketry Hat; Hupa. 



MODERN BUCKSKIN COSTUMES) WOMAN AND CHILD; KIOWA. 

 ( Russell, Photo) 



fire, contact with copper, or protection 

 from the elements in caves. 



A synopsis of the costumes worn 

 by tribes living in the 11 geographical 

 regions of northern America follows. 

 The list is necessarily incomplete, for 

 on account of the abandonment of 

 tribal costumes the data are chiefly his- 

 torical. 



(1) Eskimo {Northern). Men: Shirt- 

 coat with hood, trousers, half or full 

 boots, stockings, mittens. Women: 

 Shirt-coat with large hood, trousers or 

 legging-moccasins, belt and mittens, nee- 

 dle-case, workbag, etc. ( Southern. ) Men : 

 Robe, gown, trousers, boots, hood on 

 gown or cap. 



(2) Athapascan (il/octo(2/e and Yukon). 

 Men: Shirt-coat, legging-moccasins, 



breechcloth, hat, and hood. Women: 

 Long shirt-coat, legging-moccasins, belt. 

 (8) Algonquian-Iroquois {Northern). 

 Men: Robe, shirt-coat, long coat, trousers, 

 leggings, moccasins, breechcloth, turban. 

 {Virc/iuia.) Men and women: Cloak, 

 waist garment, moccasins, sandals(?), 

 breechcloth(?). ( Wedern.) Meu: Robe, 

 long dress-shirt, long leggings, moccasins, 

 bandoleer bag. Women: Long dress- 

 shirt, short leggings, moccasins, belt. 

 {Arctic. ) Men : Long coat, open in front, 

 short breeches, leggings, moccasins, 

 gloves or mittens, cap or headdress. 

 Women: Robe, shirt-dress, leggings, moc- 

 casins, belt, cap, and sometimes a shoul- 

 der mantle. 



(4) Southern or Muskhogean {Semi- 

 nole). Men: Shirt, over-shirt, leggings, 

 moccasins, breechcloth, belt, turban. 

 Formerly the Giulf tribes wore robe, 

 waist garment, and occasionally mocca- 

 sins. 



(5) Plains. Men: Buffalo robe, shirt 

 to knees or longer, breechcloth, thigh- 

 leggings, moccasins, headdress. Women: 

 Long shirt-dress with short ample cape 

 sleeves, belt, leggings to the knees, 

 moccasins. 



(6) North Pacific {Chllkal). Men: 

 Blanket or bark mat robe, shirt-coat 

 (rare), legging-moccasins, basket hat. 

 Women: Tanned skin shoulder-robe, 

 shirt-dress with sleeves, fringed apron, 

 leggings(?), moccasins, breechcloth (?). 



(7) Washington-Columbia {Salwh). 

 Men: Robe, headband, and, rarely, shirt- 

 coat, leggings, moccasins, breechcloth. 

 Women: Long shirt-dress, apron, and, 

 rarely, leggings, breechcloth, moccasins. 



(8^ Shoshonean. Same as the Plains 

 tribes. 



(9) California-Oregon {Hapa). Men: 

 Robe and waist garment on occasion, 

 moccasins (rarely); men frequently and 

 old men generally went entirely naked. 

 Women: Waist garment and narrow 

 aprons; occasionally robe-cape, like Pu- 

 eblo, over shoulders or under arms, over 

 breast; basket cap; sometimes mocca- 

 sins. {Central California) . Men: Usually 

 naked; robe, network cap, moccasins 

 and breechcloth occasionally. Women: 

 Waist-skirt of vegetal fiber or buck- 

 skin, and basketry cap; robe and mocca- 

 sins on occasion. 



(10) Southwestern {Pueblo). Men: 

 Blanket or rabbit or feather robe, shirt 

 with sleeves, short breeches partly open 

 on outer sides, breechcloth, leggings to 

 knees, moccasins, hair-tape, and head- 

 band. Women: Blanket fastened over 

 one shoulder, extending to knees; small 

 calico shawl over blanket thrown over 

 shoulders; legging-moccasins, belt. San- 

 dals formerly worn in this area. Snow 



