BULL. 30] 



CLOWWEWALLA CLUBS 



313 



moccasins of fur sometimes worn in win- 

 ter. {Apache.) Men: Same as on plains. 

 Women: Same, except legging moccasins 

 with shield toe. Naralio, now like Pueb- 

 lo; formerly like Plains tribes. 



(11) GiLA-SoNORA {Cocopa and Mo- 

 have). Men: Breechcloth, sandals, some- 

 times headband. Women: Waist gar- 

 ment, usually of fringed bark, front and 

 rear. (Pima.) Same as Plains, formerly 

 cotton robe, waist cloth, and sandals. 



Consult the annual reports of the Bu- 

 reau of American Ethnology; Bancroft, 

 Native Races; Carr in Proc. Am. Antiq. 

 See, 1897; Catlin, Manners and Customs 

 N. Am. Inds., 1841; Dellenbaugh, North 

 Americans of Yesterday, 1901; Goddard, 

 The Hupa, Publ. Univ. of Cal., 1904; 

 Hariot, Virginia, 1590, repr. 1871; Mason, 

 Primitive Travel and Transportation, 

 Rep. Nat. Mus., 1894; Schoolcraft, In- 

 dian Tribes, i-vi, 1851-57; Willoughby 

 in Am. Anthrop., vii, nos. 1, 3, 4, 1905. 



(W.H.) 



Clowwewalla. A branch of the Chi- 

 nookan family formerly residing at the 

 falls of Willamette r. , Oreg. They are 

 said to have been originally a large and 

 important tribe, but after the epidemic of 

 1829 were greatly reduced in numbers. 

 In 1851 they numbered 13 and lived on 

 the w. bank opposite Oregon City. They 

 joined in the Dayton treaty of 1855, and 

 later the remnant was removed to Grande 

 Ronde res., Oreg. (l-f. ) 



Claugh-e-wall-hah. — Parker, Jour., 17.'), 1840. 

 Clough-e-wal-lah,— Ibid., 178, 1846. Clough-e- 

 •wall-hah,— Ibid., 171, 1840. Clowewallas. — Coues, 

 Henrv-Thonipson Jour., 811, 1897. Clow-we-wal- 

 la.— U. S. Iiid. Treat. (18.=)5), 19, 1873. Fall In- 

 dians,— Meek quoted by Medill in H. R. Ex. Doc. 

 76, 30th Cong., 1st sess., 10, 1848. GiLa'wewa- 

 lamt. — Boas, field notes. Gitla'we-walamt. — Boas, 

 MS., B. A. E. Katlawewalla. — Framboise quoted 

 by Gairdner (I.So-t) in Jour. Grog. .Soc. Lond., 

 XI, 256, 1841. Keowewallahs.— Slocum (1835) in 

 H. R. Rep. 101, 25th Cong., 3d sess., 42, 1839. 

 Thlowiwalla — Tolmie and Dawson, Comp. Vocab. 

 Brit. Col., 11, 1884. Tla-we-wul-lo.— Lvnian in 

 Oregon Hist. Soc. Quar., i, 323, 1900. fummewa- 

 tas.— Sloeum (1835) in H. R. Rep. 101, 25th Cong., 

 3d sess., 42, 1839. Tumwater.— Dart in Ind. AS. 

 Rep., 214, 1851. Wallamettes.— Sloeum (1835) In 

 H. R. Rep. 101, 2.5th Cong., 3d sess., 42, 1839. 

 Willamette Falls Indians. — Stanley in Smithson. 

 Misc. Coll., II, 61, 1862. Willammette Indians.— 

 Lane in Sen. Ex. Doc. 52, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 

 171, 1850. "Willamette Tum-water band.— U. S. Ind. 

 Treat. (18-55), 19, 1873. Willhametts.— Sloeum 

 (1837) in Sen. Doc. 24, 25th Cong., 2d sess., 15, 1838. 



Clubs. Every tribe in America used 

 clubs, but after the adoption of more ef- 

 fectual weapons, as the bow and the lance, 

 clubs became in many cases merely a part 

 of the costume, or were relegated to cere- 

 monial, domestic, and special functions. 

 There was great variety in the forms of 

 this weapon or implement. Most clubs 

 were designed for warfare. Starting from 

 the simple knobstick, the elaboration of 

 the war-club may be followed in one line 

 through the straight-shafted maul-headed 

 club of the Zuni, Pima, Mohave, Paiute, 



Kickapoo, Kiowa, and Oto, to the slung- 

 shot club of other Pueblos, the Apache, 

 Navaho, Ute, Oto, and Sioux, to the club 

 with a fixed stone head of the Ute, Sho- 

 shoni, Comanche, Kiowa, and 



the S i o u a n 



tribes. Another 



line begins with 



the carved, of ten 



flattened, club 



of the typical 



pueblos, the Zu- 

 ni and Hopi(see 



Rabbit sticks), 



and in eludes the 



musket-shaped 



club of the 



northern Sioux, 



and the Sauk 



and Fox an d 



other Algon- 



quian tribes, and 



the flat, curved 



club with a 



knobbed head 



(Alg. pogamog- 



gan, Fr. casse- 



^t'^e) belonging to 



some Sioux, and 



to the Chippe- 

 wa, Menominee, and other timber Algon- 

 quians. Clubs of this type are often set 

 with spikes, lance-heads, knife-blades, or 

 the like, and the elk horn with sharpened 

 prongs belongs to this class. 



The Plains tribes and those of the 

 N. forest coimtry furnish many exam- 



AnciIent Stone 

 Club; Oregon 

 (1-9) 



NCIENT COPPER 



ish columiu 

 (smith) 



CffiP 



STONE-HEADED CLUBS OF THE PLAINS TRIBES 



pies of dangerous-looking ceremonial 

 clubs of this character. There is, how- 

 ever, archeologic evidence that rows of 

 flint splinters or horn points were set in 



