326 



COLOTLAN COLVILLE 



[b. a. e. 



elements as conceived in Indian philoso- 

 phy, viz, fire, wind, water, and earth, 

 are among Siouan tribes sym))olized by 

 the colors of the cardinal points; and 

 Gushing relates the same of the Zufii. 

 Mooney says that among the Cherokee 

 red signifies success, triumph; blue, de- 

 feat, trouble; black, death; white, peace, 

 happiness. In another connection he 

 says: " Ked is a sacred color with all In- 

 dians and is usually symbolic of strength 

 and success, and for this reason is a fa- 

 vorite color in painting the face andl^ody 

 for the dance or warpath and for paint- 

 ing the war jiony, the lance, etc." Like- 

 wise black was a sign of mourning and 

 white of peace, while red was usually a 

 sign of war. 



There is a symbolism of sex among the 

 Navaho that is based on that of the car- 

 dinal points. Where two things some- 

 what resemble each other but one is 

 larger, more violent, noisy, or robust than 

 the other, it is spoken of as the male, while 

 the smaller, finer, or gentler is spoken of 

 as female. Thus the sup])osedIy turtju- 

 lent San Juan r. is called "male water" 

 and the placid Rio Grande "female wa- 

 ter"; an electric storm is called "male 

 rain, ' ' a gentle shower ' ' female rain. ' ' So 

 the land n. of the Navaho country, with 

 giant snow peaks and violent winds, is 

 regarded as the "male land," while the 

 country to the s., devoid of very high 

 mountains and sending forth warm, gentle 

 breezes, is considered the "female land." 

 For this reason, among the Navaho, 

 black, the color of the n., belongs to the 

 male in all things, and blue, the color of 

 the s. to the female. Among the Arap- 

 aho white and yellow are the ceremonial 

 colors for male and female respectively 

 (Kroel)er), while the Hopi associate red 

 and yellow with the male, and white and 

 blue or green with the female (Fewkes). 



Many Indian personal names contain 

 words denoting colors, often in relations 

 which seem incongruous to us. It is 

 probable that they generally have mystic 

 meanings. 



Implements used in games usually have 

 different significant colors. Where there 

 are two opposing sides the colors are often 

 red and l)lack, as they are in many of our 

 games. Thus in the game of nanzoz, or 

 hoop-and-pole, among the Navaho, one of 

 the two long sticks is marked black at the 

 base and the other red. In their game 

 of l-esitse the chip tossed up to determine 

 which party shall first hide the stone in 

 the moccasin is blackened on one side 

 and left unpainted on the other. They 

 say that this sym))olizes night and day, 

 and the game itself is based on a myth of 

 the contest of night with day. Day is 

 commonly symbolized by red and night 

 by black among the Indians. The Hopi 



paint their prayer-sticks in prescribed 

 colors; those for rain are green, for war 

 red. Every kdch'nia has a prayer-sick 

 painted yellow, green, red, white, and 

 black, indicative of the cardinal points 

 (see the table). Hopi gods are also 

 assigned special colors — the Sun god red, 

 the Underworld god black, and the Fire 

 god all colors (Fewkes). Many tribes 

 do not distinguish by name between 

 green and light blue, black and dark 

 blue, or white and unpainted. (w. m. ) 



Colotlan. Classed by Orozco y Berraas 

 a liranch of the Cora division of the Pi- 

 man stock inhabiting a n. tributary of the 

 Kio Grande de Santiago (Rio Colotlan), 

 between long. • 104° and 105° and about 

 lat. 22°, Jalisco, Mexico. The language 

 was almost extinct by 1864. Among 

 their towns were Comatlan and Apo- 

 zolco, at which missions were estab- 

 lished by the Spaniards. (f. w. h. ) 



Coloclan. — Orozco v Berra, Geog., map, 1864. 

 Colotlan.— Ibid., 59,"2S0, 2.S2. 



Columbians. A])plied by Bancroft (Nat. 

 Races, i,_150, 1882) to the Indians of n. 

 w. America dwelling between lat. 42° and 

 55°, and stated by him to be synonymous 

 with the Nootka-Columliians of Scouler 

 and others. The term Columbians, how- 

 ever, is evidently broader in its scope, as 

 it includes all the tribes w. of the Rock- 

 ies from the Skittagetan group, in the n., 

 to the s. boundary of Oregon, while Scou- 

 ler's term comprises a group of languages 

 extending from the mouth of Salmon r. 

 to the s. of Columbia r., now known to 

 belong to several linguistic stocks. 



Colville. A division of Saiish between 

 Kettle falls and Spokane r., e. Wash.; 

 said by Gibbs to have been one of the 

 largest of the Saiish tribes. Lewis and 

 Clark estimated their number at 2,500, 

 in 130 houses, in 1806. There were 321 

 under the Colville agency in 1904. 

 Basket People. — Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., iv, 

 444, 1845. Cauldrons.— Smet, Letters, 37, 1843. 

 Chaudiere. -Cox, Columbia R., 1, 189, 1831. Chual- 

 pays.— Kane, Wand, in N. Am., 309, 18,59. CoU- 

 ville.— Dart (1851) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribe.s, 

 HI, 632, 1853. Colville.— Lane in Ind. AfF. Rep., 

 159, 1850. Covilles.— Stevens (1855) in H. R. Doe. 

 48, 34th Cong., 1st sess., 3, 18.56. Gens des 

 Chaudieres. — Duflot de Mofras, Oregon, n, 335, 

 1844. Hualpais.— Petitot, Antour du Lac des Es- 

 claves, 362, 1893. Kettle Falls.— Parker. Journal, 

 293, 1840. Kettle Indians.— ('ox, Columbia R., 

 II, 1.55, 1831. Kcioptle'nik.— Chamberlain, Sth Rep. 

 on N. W. Tribes of Can., 8, 1892 ('people of the 

 falls': Kutenai name). Les Chaudieres. — Cox, op. 

 cit., I, 3.58. ftuarlpi.- Keane in Stanford, Com- 

 pend., .532, 1878. auiarlpi.— Hale in U. S. Expl. 

 Exped., IV, 444, 1S45. Sals^uyilp.— Oatschet, MS., 

 B. A. E. (Okinagan name). Schroo-yel-pi.— Ste- 

 vens in Ind. AfT. Rep., 428, 18.54. Schwo-gel-pi,- 

 Ibid., 445. Schwoyelpi.— Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 

 I, 413, 18.55. Shuyelpees.— Smet (1S59) in H. R. 

 Ex. Doc. 65, 36th Cong., 1st se.ss., 141, 1860. Shuy- 

 elphi.— Smet, Oregon Miss., 108, 1874. Shuy- 

 elpi.— Smet, Letters, 213, 1843. Shwoi-el-pi. -Ste- 

 vens, Rep. on Pac. R. R., 94, 1854. Sin-who-yelp- 

 pe-took. — Ross, Adventures, 290, 1849. Siyelpa.— 

 Wilson in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lend., 292, 1866. 

 Skoiel-poi.— Mayne, Brit. Col.. 296, 1861. Skuy- 

 elpi. — Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. (socalled by other 



