BULL. 301 



COMAC COMANCHE 



327 



Salish tribes). Soayalpi. — Hale in U. S. Expl. 

 Exped., VI, 'iO.'i, l!S46. Squaw-a-tosh.— Suckle v in 

 Pac. R. R. Rep., l, 300, l.s55. Squeer-yer-pe.— Ibid. 

 Squiaelps.— Lane in Ind. Aft". Rep., 159, IS.'JO. 

 Sweielpa. — Wilson in Jtmr. Ethnol.Soc. Lond..'292, 

 1S66. Swi-el-pree.— Rossin Ind. Aflf. Rep., 22, 1870. 

 Whe-el-po. — Lewis and Clark, Exped., I, map, 

 1814. Whe-el-poo.— McVickar, Exped. Lewis and 

 •Clark, II, 38.5, 1S42. 



Comae. A former Pima rancheria, vis- 

 ited by Kino and Mange in 1699; situated 

 on the Rio (liia, 3 leagues (miles?) below 

 the mouth of Salt r., s. Ariz. 

 S. Bartolome Comae— Mange in Doc. Hist. Mex.. 

 4th s., I, 306, 1856. 



Comachica. A Calusa village on the s. 

 AV. coast of Florida, about 1570. — Fonta- 

 neda Memoir {ca. 1575), Smith transl., 

 19, 1854. 



Comanche. One of the southern tribes of 

 the Shoshonean stock, and the only one of 

 that group living entirely on the plains. 

 Their language and traditions show that 

 they are a comparatively recent offshoot 

 from the Shoshoni of Wyoming, ])oth 

 tribes speaking practically the same dia- 

 lect and, until very recently, keeping up 

 constant and friendly communication. 

 Within the traditionary period the 2 tribes 

 lived adjacent to each other in s. Wyom- 

 ing, since wliich time the Shoshoni have 

 been beaten back into the mountains bv 



;A HAVI (THE MILKY WAY ) — PENATEKA COMA 



the Sioux ana other prairie tribes, while 

 the Comanche have been driven steadily 

 southward by the same pressure. In 

 this southerly migration the Penateka 

 seem to have preceded the rest of the 

 tribe. The Kiowa say that when they 

 themselves moved southward from the 

 Black-hills region, the Arkansas was the 

 N. boundarv of the Comanche. 



In 1719 the Comanche are mentioned 

 under their Siouan name of Padonca as 

 living in what now is w. Kansas. Itmust 

 be remembered that from 500 to 800 m. 

 was an ordinary range for a prairie tribe 

 and that the Comanche were equally at 

 home on the Platte and in the Bolson 

 de Mapimi of Chihuahua. As late as 

 1805 the North Platte was still known as 



COMANCHE WOMA 



Padouca fork. At that time they roamed 

 over the country about the heads of the 

 Arkansas, Red, Trinity, and Brazos rs., 

 in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Tex- 

 as. For nearly 2 centuries they were at 

 war with the Spaniards of Mexico and 

 extended their raids far down into Du- 

 rango. They were friendly to the Amer- 

 icans generally, but became bitter ene- 

 mies of the Texans, Ijy whom they were 

 dispossessed of their best huntinggrounds, 

 and carried on a relentless war against 

 them for nearly 40 years. They have 

 been close confederates of the Kiowa 

 since about 1795. In 1835 they made 

 their first treaty with the Government, 

 and liy the treaty of Medicine Lodge in 

 1867 agreed to go on their assigned 

 reservation between Washita and Red 

 rs., s. w. Okla. ; but it was not until 

 after the last outbreak of the southern 

 prairie tribes in 1874-75 that they and 

 their allies, the Kiowa and x^pache, finally 

 settled on it. They were probably never 

 a large tribe, although supposed to be pop- 

 ulous on account of their wide range. 

 Within the last 50 years they have been 

 terribly wasted by war and disease. They 

 numbered 1,400 in 1904, attached to the 

 Kiowa agency, Okla. 



