336 



CONESTOGA 



[b. a. e. 



they claimed the lands on both sides of 

 Chesapeake bay, from the Choptank and 

 Patuxent n. to the territory of the Iro- 

 quois. In 1675, after their defeat, they 

 established themselves on the e. bank of 

 the Potomac, in Maryland, immediately 

 N. of Piscataway cr., below which the 

 Doag (Nanticoke) were then living. 

 They formed a close alliance with the 

 Dutch and Swedes, and with the English 

 of Maryland. The Iroquois had carried 

 on relentless war against them, with vary- 

 ing success, which finally reduced them 

 from3,000(?) warriors in 1608 to about 550 

 in 1648, while their allies brought the ag- 

 gregate to about 1,250. Champlain says 

 that in 1615 they had more than 20 vil- 

 lages, of which only 3 were at that time 

 engaged in war with the Iroquois, and 

 that their town of Carantouan alone could 

 muster more than 800 warriors. The Iro- 

 quois of the N. drove the Conestoga down 

 on the tribes to the s. and w., who were 

 allies of the English, a movement involv- 

 ing the Conestoga in a war with IMaryland 

 and Virginia in 1675. Finding them- 

 selves surrounded by enemies on all 

 sides, a portion of them aljandoned their 

 country and took refuge with the Occa- 

 neechi on Roanoke r., while the rest 

 remained in Pennsylvania. A quarrel oc- 

 curred soon with the Occaneechi, who 

 made common cause with the whites 

 against the fugitive Conestoga, who were 

 compelled to return to Susquehanna r. and 

 submit to the Iroquois. According to 

 Colden they were all finally removed to 

 the country of the Oneida, where they re- 

 mained until they lost their language, 

 when they were allowed to return to 

 Conestoga, their ancient town. Here 

 they rapidly wasted, until, at the close 

 of the year 1763, the remnant, number- 

 ing only 20, were massacred by a party of 

 rioters inflamed by the accounts of the 

 Indian war then raging along the Penn- 

 sylvania frontier. About 1675 their 

 stockade, where they were defeated by 

 the Maryland forces, was on the e. side 

 of Susquehanna r., 3 m. below Columbia, 

 Pa. Herrman's map of 1676 located it 

 at nearly the same point on the river, but 

 on the w. bank. The Swedes and Dutch 

 called them Minqua, from the Delaware 

 name applied to all tribes of Iroquoian 

 stock; the Powhatan tribes called them 

 Susquehannock, a name signifying 'roily 

 river, ' which was adopted by the English 

 of Virginia and Maryland. The names 

 of their villages are Attaock, Carantouan, 

 Cepowig, Quadroque, Sasquesahanough, 

 Testnigh, and Utchowig. The Meherrin, 

 on the river of that name in s. e. Virginia, 

 were officially reported to be a band of 

 the Conestoga driven s. by the Virginians 

 during Bacon's rebellion in 1675-76. 



(j. N. B. H.) 



Akhrakouaehronon, — Jes. Rel., ill, index, 2, 1858. 

 Akhrakvaeronon. — Jes. Rel. 1640, 35, 1858. &mdus- 

 tez.— Bonrtinot, Star in the West, 125, 1816. 

 Andaslaka. — Ibid. Andastaehronon. — Jes. Rel. for 

 1640, 35, 1858. Andastaeronnons.—rJes. Rel. for 

 1657, 11, 1858. Andastaes.— Treaty of 1666 in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., IX, 45, 185.^. Andastagueus. — 

 Coxe, Carolana, map, 1741. Andastaguez. — Park- 

 man, Jes. in N. Am., xlvi, note, 1883. Andastakas.^ 

 Proud, Penn., ii, 294, 1798. Andastes.— Raffelx 

 (1672) quoted bv Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 

 52-53, 1872. And'astfs.— Alcedo, Dice. Geog., I, 97, 

 1786 (misprint). Andastiguez. — Parkman, Conspir- 

 acy of Pontiae, l, 22, 1883. Andastiquez. — Keane 

 in Stanford, Com pend., 500, 1S7,H. Andastoe. — Jes. 

 Rel. for 1647, 58, 1858. Andasto'e'r,— Jes. Rel., 

 Thwaitesed., xxxvil,104, 1899. Andastoerhonon. — 

 Jes. Rel. for 1637, 159, 1858. Andastoeronnon. — Jes. 

 Rel. for 1646, 76, 1858. Andasto'e'ronnons.— Jes. 

 Rel., Thwaites ed., xxxvii, 104, 1899. Andasto- 

 errhonons. — Jes. Rel. for 1635, 33, 18.58. Andasto- 

 gnes. — Gale, Upper Miss., 49,1867. Andastogue. — 

 Jes. Rel. for 1663, 10, 1858. Andastoguehronnons. — 

 Jes. Rel. for 1664, 35, 1858. Andastogueronnons. — 

 Jes. Rel. for 1663, 10, 18.58. Andastoguez.— Jes. Rel. 

 for 1672, 24, 18,58. Andastohe.— Jes. Rel. for 1647, 

 8, 1858. Andastonez. — McKenney and Hall, Ind. 

 Tribes, III, 81, 18,54. Andastoui, — I^arkman, Jes. 

 in N. Am., xlvi, note, 1883. Andastracronnons. — 

 Ibid. Andosagues. — Memoir of 16M in Margry, 

 Dc'C, IT, 270, 1877. Andostaguez.— Frontenac (1673) 

 in N.Y. Doe. Col. Hist., ix, 110, 18.55. Andostoues.— 

 Galline6 (1669) in Margry, Drc., i, 130,187.5. An- 

 tastoez. — Ibid., 138. Antastogue. — Ibid., 124. An- 

 tastoSi.— Courcelles (1671) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., 

 IX, 84, 1855. Antastouais.— Galline6 (1669) in Mar- 

 gry, DiJc, I, 124, 1875. Antastouez. — Courcelles 

 (1670), ibid., l, 189, 1876. Atra'KSae'r.— Jes. Rel., 

 Thwaites ed., xxxvil, 104, 1899. Atra'kwae'ron- 

 nons. — Ibid., 105. Atrakwer. —Doc. of 16.52 quoted 

 by Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 137, 1857. Can- 

 astoga, — McKenney and Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 

 79, 18.54. Canastoge. — Zeisberger (17.50) quoted by 

 Conover, Kanadaga and Geneva MS., B, A. E. 

 Canastogues.— Doc. of 1699 in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 

 IV, 579, 18,54. Canestogas. — Barton, New Views, 

 97,1798. Canestogo.— Colden (1727), Five Nations, 

 app., 68, 1747. Canistage. — Livingston (1717) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,v, 486,1855. Canistoge.— Liv- 

 ingston (1717), ibid., 486. Ganostogas, — School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 136, 18.57. Carantouanis. — 

 Champlain, Oi^uvres, v, pt. 2, 8, 1870. Carantou- 

 annais. — Ibib., iv, chart, 32, 1870. Carantouans. — 

 Parkman, Pion. Fr., 337, 1883. Cinelas,— Pey- 

 ton, Hist, Augusta Co., Va., 6, 1882. Conastagoe. — 

 Peters (1764) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., x, 

 508, 1871. Conastoga.— Ft Johnson conf. (1766) 

 in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist.,vil, 110, 1856. Conastogy,— 

 Johnson (1747), ibid., vi, 390, 1855. Conestego.— 

 Weyman (ca. 1719) quoted by Hawkins, Mis- 

 sions, 117, 1845. Conestoga.— Keith (1722) quot- 

 ed by Day, Penn., 390, 1843. Conestego.— Doc. of 

 1701, ibid. Conestogue. — Smith {ca. 1810) quotec' 

 by Day, ibid., 279. Conistogas, — Rupp, Nortli- 

 ampton Co. , 6, 1845. Connastago. — Peters (1764 ) in 

 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., x, 508, 1871. Cono- 

 stogas. — Ft Stanwix treatv (1768) in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., VIII, 133, 18,57. "Endastes.— Denonville 

 (1865), ibid., IX, 283, 1855. Gandastogues.— Jes. Rel. 

 1672, 26, 1858. Gandostogega. — La Salle (1682) in 

 Margry, D^c, II, 237, 1877. Ganossetage.— Doc. of 1766 

 in Rupp, Northampton Co., 106, 1845. Guandasto- 

 gues,— Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, 103, 1848. 

 Guandostagues. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 290, 

 18.53. Guyandots.— Gallatin quoted in N. Y. Doe. 

 Col. Hist., Ill, 125, note, 1853. Huskchanoes. — Carr 

 (1664), ibid., 74. Kanneastoka-roneah. — Macauley, 

 N. Y., II. 174, 1829. Machoeretini,— De Laet, Nov. 

 Orb., 76,1633. Minckus.— Holm (1702)inMem.,Hist, 

 Soc. Pa., Ill, pt. 1, 1,57, 1834. Minquaas,— Dutch 

 map (1616) in N.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., l, 1856. Min- 

 quaes. — Hendricksen (1616), ibid., 14. Minquaos, — 

 Yong (1634) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., ix, 119, 

 1871. Minquas. — Dutch rec. (1649) quoted by Win- 

 field, Hud.son Co., 49, 1874. Minquase. — Hudde 

 (164.5) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., XII, 30, 1877. Min- 

 quays. — Penn's treatv (1701) in Proud, Penn., i, 428, 

 1797. Minques.— Hohu (1702) in Mem. Hist. Soc. 

 Pa. Ill, pt. 1, 157, 1834. Uinquinos. — Mitchell, map 



