BULL. 30] 



CKANETOWN CREE 



359 



but among the Pueblo tribes, particu- 

 larly, the cradle was a sacred ol)ject, hand- 

 ed down in the family, and the number 

 of children it had carried was frequently 

 shown l)y notches on the frame. Its sale 

 would, it is thought, result in the death 

 of the child. If the infant died while in 

 the helpless age, the cradle was either 

 thrown away ( Walapai and Tonto ) , broken 

 up, liurned, or placed on the grave (Xav- 

 aho and Apache), or buried with the 

 corpse, laced up inside as in life (cliff- 

 dwellers, Kiowa). The grief of the 

 mother on the death of an infant is in- 

 tensely pathetic. The doll and the cradle 

 were everywhere playthings of Indian 

 girls. See Child life, Moxs-hag. 



Consult Fewkes in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 

 1897; Hrdlickain Am. Anthrop., vii, nos. 

 2, 3, 1905; Mason in Eep. Nat. Mus., 

 161-212, 1887; Porter, ibid., 213-235. 



(O. T. M. ) 



Cranetown, A former Wyandot village 

 on the site of the present Royalton, Fair- 

 field CO., Ohio. It was known to the 

 Indians as Tarhe, from the name of a 

 chief in 1790, at which time it contained 

 about 500 inhabitants in 100 wigwams 

 built of bark. — Howe, Hist. Coll. Ohio, 

 I, 5S8, 1898. 

 Tarhetown. — Ibid. 



Cranetown. A former AVyandot village 

 in Crawford co., Ohio, 8 or 10 m. x. E. of 

 the present Upper Sandusky. — Royce in 

 18th Rep. B. A. E., pi. clvi,'l899. 



Craniology. See Anatomy, Artificial 

 Jiead deformation, Physiology. 



Crayfish Town (probably translated from 

 Cherokee TxistuntVyl, 'crawfish place'). 

 A former Cherokee settlement in upper 

 Georgia about 1800. (j. m.) 



Crazy Horse. An Oglala Sioux chief. 

 He is said to have received this name 

 because a wild pony dashed through the 

 village when he was born. His bold, ad- 

 venturous disposition made him a leader 

 of the southern Sioux, who scorned res- 

 ervation life and delighted to engage in 

 raiding expeditions against the Crows or 

 the Mandan, or to wreak vengeance on 

 whites wherever they could safely attack 

 them. When the Sioux went on the war- 

 path in 1875, on account of the occupancy 

 of the Black-hills and other grievances, 

 Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull were the 

 leaders of the hostiles. Gen. Reynolds, 

 commanding a column of the army of 

 Gen. Crook, in the winter of 1875 surprised 

 Crazy Horse's camp and captured his 

 horses, but the Indians succeeded in stam- 

 peding the herd in a blinding snow'storm. 

 When Gen. Crook first encountered Crazy 

 Horse's band on Rosebud r., Mont., the 

 former was compelled to fall back after a 

 sharp fight. The band at that time con- 

 sisted of about 600 ^Nlinneconjou Sioux 

 and Cheyenne. Later Crazy Horse was 



joined on Powder r. by warlike Sioux of 

 various tribes on the reservation, others 

 going to swell the band of Sitting Bull in 

 Dakota. Both bands united and anni- 

 hilated the column of Gen. George A. 

 Custer on Little Bighorn r. , Mont., June 

 25, 1876. When Gen. Nelson A. Miles 

 pursued the Sioux in the following winter 

 the two camps separated again s. of Yel- 

 lowstone r.. Crazy Horse taking his Chey- 

 enne and Oglala and going back to Rose- 

 bud r. Gen. IMackenzie destroyed his 

 camp on a stream that flows into Tongue 

 r., losing several men in the engagement. 

 Gen. Miles followed the band toward 

 Bighorn mts. and had a sharp engagement 

 in which the troops ctnild scarcely have 

 withstood the repeated assaults of double 

 their numljer without their artillery, 

 which exploded shells among the Indians 

 with great effect. Crazy Horse surren- 

 dered in the spring with over 2,000 fol- 

 lowers. He was suspected of stirring up 

 another war and was placed under arrest 

 on Sept. 7, 1877, but broke from the 

 guard and was shot. See Miles, Pers. 

 Recol., 193, 2-1-4, 1896. 



Creation myths. See Mythology , Religion. 



Credit Indians. A Missisauga band 

 formerly living on Credit r., at the w. end 

 of L. Ontario. About 1850 they removed 

 to Tuscarora, on Grand r., Ontario, by 

 invitation of the Iroquois. — Jones, Ojel)- 

 way Inds., 211, 1861. 



Cree (contracted from Kristinaux, 

 French form of Kenistenoag, given as one 

 of their own names). An important Al- 

 gonquian tribe of British America whose 

 former habitat was in Manitoba and 

 Assiniboia, between Red and Saskatch- 

 ewan rs. They ranged northeastward 

 down Nelson r. to the vicinity of Hudson 

 bay, and northwestward almost to Atha- 

 basca lake. When they first became 

 known to the Jesuit missionaries a part of 

 them resided in the region of James bay, 

 as it is stated as early as 1640 that "they 

 dwell on the rivers of the north sea where 

 Nipissings go to trade with them"; Init 

 the Jesuit Relations of 1661 and 1667 in- 

 dicate a region farther to the N. w. as the 

 home of the larger part of the tribe. A 

 portion of the Cree, as appears from the 

 tradition given by Lacombe (Diet. Lang. 

 Cris), inhabited for a time the region 

 about Red r., intermingled with the 

 Chippewa and Maskegon, but were 

 attracted to the plains by the buffalo, the 

 Cree like the Chippewa being essentially 

 a forest people. Many bands of Cree 

 were virtually nomads, their movements 

 being governed largely by the food supply. 

 The Cree are closely related, linguist- 

 ically and otherwise, to the Chippewa. 

 Hayden regarded them as an offshoot of 

 the latter, and the ^Maskegon another 

 di\'ision of the same ethnic group. 



