BULL. 30] 



CREMATION CROSS 



365 



Tallahassee, Tukpafka, Tukhtukagi, Tus- 

 kegee, Uktahasasi, Ullibahali, Wakokayi, 

 Weognfka, Wetuuipka, Wewoka, Wok- 

 soyudshi. (See also Alibamu.) 



Lotrer Creek and TlUchiti towns. — Aina- 

 kalli, Apalaehicola, Apatai, Chatta- 

 hoochee, C'hiaha, Chiahndshi, Chi- 

 hlakonini, Chiskatalofa, C'hukahlako, 

 Cotohautustennuggee, Donally's Town, 

 Ematlochee, Finhalui, Hatchichapa, 

 Hihagee, Hlekatska, Hogologes, Hota- 

 lihuyana, Huhlitaiga, Itahasiwaki, Kaila, 

 Kasihta Ka\vaiki,Kawita, Nipky, Ochee- 

 ses, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Okitiyakni, 

 Osotchi, Sawokli, Sawokliudshi, Sechar- 

 lecha, Siiolanocha, Tainali, Telniocresses, 

 "Wikaihiako. 



Ani'-Gu'sa.— Mooney in 19th Rep. A. B. E., 509, 

 1900 (Cherokee name, from Kusa, their principal 

 ancient town). Anikoessa. — ten Kate, lieizen in 

 N. A., 422, 1885 (Cherokee name). Ani'-Ku'sa.— 

 Mooney, op. cit. (alternative form of Cherokee 

 name I. Copas. — Carver, Trav., map, 1778 (possibly 

 the same: see Kopa, the Yuchi name, below). 

 Creek Indians.— Craven (1712) in N. C. Col. Rec, I, 

 898, 1886. Greek nation.— H. R. Rep. 854, 27th 

 Cong., 2d sess., 12, 1S42 (misprint). Humasko. — 

 Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 60, 1881 (Shawnee 

 name, singular). Humaskogi. — Ibid. (pi. form). 

 Kopa.— Gatschet, Yuchi MS., B. A. K., 1885 (Yuchi 

 name, from ko 'man,' pa 'to burn,' referring to 

 their custom of burning pri.soners at the stake). 

 Kreeks. — Mandrillon, Spectatenr Americain, 

 map, 1785. Krichos. — Hervas, Ideadell' Universo, 

 XVII, 90, 1784. Krihk.— Gatschet, inf'n (German 

 form of several writers). Kusa. — Gatschet, inf'n 

 (Cherokee name, pi. AnikUsa; so called after 

 Ku.sa, their earliest center). Ku-u'-sha — Gat- 

 schet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 59, 1884 (Wyandot 

 name, after Cherokee name). Machecous. — 

 Smitli, Bou(inet's Exped., 69, 1766 (probably mis- 

 spelled for ^[as/lcollqui; misspelling handed down 

 bv Hutchins, Jefferson, and Schoolcraft). Mac- 

 k6j[e.— Dorsey, Kansas MS. vocab., B. A. E., 18S2 

 (Kan.>ia name). Macku'5(e. — Dorsey, Osage MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E., isss ((Jsage name). Maskogi. — 

 Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, .59, 1&S4. Masko- 

 kalgi, — Ibid, (own name, plural). Maskoki. — 

 Ibid. Maskokulki. — ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 

 411, 1885 (('(/A-j trans, 'people'). Masquachki. — 

 Heckewelder in Barton, New Views, app., 9, 1798 

 (Delaware name: 'swampy land', 'Swampv- 

 landers' ). Mobilian.— Shea, Cath. Miss.. '22, 18.55. 

 Mo-cko'-5ji. — Dorsey, Kwapa MS. vocab., B. A. E., 

 1891 ((^uapaw name). Moskoky. — Morse, Rep. 

 to Sec. War, 311, 1S22. Mucogulgee. — Schoolcraft, 

 Ind.Twbes. in, 511. is.53. Musaogulge. — Ker, Trav- 

 els, 337,181(1 (misprint ). Muscagee. — N. Y.Doc.Col. 

 Hist., VI, 709, 1S55. Muscogee.— Iiid. Atf. Rep., 73, 

 1849. Muscogeh.— Brinton, Floridian Benin. , 144, 

 18.59. Muscogulges. — Bartrani, Travels, 149, 1791. 

 Muscolgees. — Katincsiine, iiitrml. to Marshall, Ky., 

 1,30, 1S21. Muscows. — Brint(.)n, Floridian Penin., 

 144, ls5y. Musgogees. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 



I, 134, IS51. Muskogee.— Pike, Travels, 159, IMl. 

 Muskogolgees.— Xuttall, Jour., 277, 1821. Mus- 

 kohge. — Adair, Am. Ind., 257, 1775. Muskoh- 

 gee.— Worsley, View of Am. Inds., 95, 18'28. Mus- 

 kokes. — Smith. Cabeti'a de Vaea, 164, note, ls71. 

 Mus-koo-gee, — Bollaertin Jour. Ethnol.Soc.Lond., 



II, 265, 18.50. Musqua.^Woodward, Reminis- 

 cences, 13, 18.59. Sko'-ki ha"-ya'. — Dorscv, Bi- 

 loxiMS.Dict.,B.A.E.,1892(Biloxiname). TJmash- 

 gohak.— Gatschet, inf'n (Fox name). Western 

 Indians. — Brinton, Floridian Penin., 144, 1859. 



Cremation. See ^[ortttary customs. 



Crescents. See Banner stones. 



Cristone. A ruined pueblo on Gallinas 

 cr., s. of Tierra Amarilla, n. w. N. Mex. — 

 Cope in Wheeler Survey Rep., vii, 355, 

 1879. 



Croatan, A village in 1585 on an island 

 then called })y the same name, which 

 appears to have been that on which C. 

 l^ookout is situated, on the coast of Car- 

 teret CO., N. C. The inhabitants seem 

 to have been independent of the chiefs 

 of Secotan. It is thought that the lost 

 colony of Lane, on Rrjanoke id., joined 

 them and that traces of the mixture 

 were discernible in the later Hatteras In- 

 dians, (j. M.) 

 Croatan.— Lane (1586) in Smith (1629), Virginia, 

 I, 92, repr. 1819. Croatoan.— Strachey {ca. 1612), 

 Virginia, 43, 145, 1849. Crooton. — Lane, op. cit., 86. 



Croatan Indians. The legal designa- 

 tion in North Carolina for a people evi- 

 dently of mixed Indian and white 

 blood, found in various e. sections of the 

 state, but chiefly in Robeson co., and 

 numbering approximately 5,000. For 

 many years they were classecl with the 

 free negroes, but steadily refused to ac- 

 cept such classification or to attend the 

 negro schools or churches, claiming to be 

 the descendants of the early native tribes 

 and of white settlers who had intermar- 

 ried with them. About 20 years ago 

 their claim was officially recognized and 

 they were given a separate legal existence 

 under the title of "Croatan Indians," on 

 the theory of descent from Raleigh's lost 

 colony of Croatan (q. v.). Under this 

 name they now have separate school 

 provision and are admitted to some privi- 

 leges not accorded to the negroes. The 

 theory of descent from the lost colony 

 may be regarded as baseless, but the 

 name itself serves as a convenient label for 

 a people who combine in themselves the 

 blood of the wasted native tribes, the 

 early colonists or forest rovers, the run- 

 away slaves or other negroes, and prob- 

 ably also of stray seamen of the Latin 

 races from coasting vessels in the West 

 Indian or Brazilian trade. 



Across the line in South Carolina are 

 found a people, evidently of similar 

 origin, designated "Redbones." In por- 

 tions of w. N. C. and e. Tenn. are found 

 the so-called "Melungeons" (probably 

 from French melange, 'mixed') or "Por- 

 tuguese," apparently an offshoot from 

 the Croatan proper, and in Delaware are 

 found the "Moors." All of these are 

 local designations for peoples of mixed 

 race with an Indian nucleus differing in 

 no way from the present mixed-blood 

 remnants known as Pamunkey, Chicka- 

 hominy, and Nansernond Indians in Vir- 

 ginia, excepting in the more complete 

 loss of their identity. In general, the 

 l^hysical features and complexion of the 

 persons of this mixed stock incline more 

 to the Indian than to the white or negro. 

 See Metis, Mixed bloods. (j. m. ) 



Cross. This symbol or device, which 

 in some of its familiar forms is known as 



