376 



DAKANMANYIN DAKOTA 



[b. a. e. 



clan of the Haida, named from one of its 

 towns. A second name for the band was 

 Kasta-kegawai ( Q la'sta qe'gawa-i ) , ' those 

 born at Skidegate cr.' It formerly occu- 

 pied the coast between Alliford bay and 

 Cumshewa point, but is now nearly ex- 

 tinct.— Swanton, Cont. Haida, 269, 1905. 



K-astake'rauai,— Boas^ Fifth Rep. N. W. Tribes 

 Canada, 26, 18S9. ftla'sta qe'gawa-i.— Swanton, 

 op. cit. Tai'otl la'nas.— Boas, ' Twelfth Rep. N. 

 W. Tribes Canada, 24, 1898. 



Dakanmanyin ('walks shining'). A 

 subgens of the Han gens of the Kansa. 

 Sakao ma°yi". — Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 231, 

 1897. 



Dakota ( ' allies ' ) . The largest division 

 of the Siouan family, known commonlyas 

 Sioux, according to Hewitt a French- 

 Canadian abbreviation of the Chippewa 

 Nadowe-is-iw, a diminutive of nadowe, 'an 

 adder,' hence 'an enemy.' Nadoiveisiw-eg 

 is the diminutive plural. The diminutive 

 singular and jilural were applied by the 

 Chippewa to the Dakota, and to the Huron 

 to distinguish them from the Iroquois 

 proper, the true 'adders' or 'enemies.' 

 According to Chippewa tradition the name 

 was first api)lie(l to a body of Indians liv- 

 ing on an island somewhere e. of Detroit 

 (W. Jones). 



Dakota, Nakota, Lakota are the names 

 used by themselves, in the Santee, Yank- 

 ton, and Teton dialects respectively. J. 

 O. Dorsey, in his classification of the Siou- 

 an languages, divides the Dakota group 

 into 4 dialects: Santee, Yankton, Assini- 

 boin, and Teton. The Assiniboin, how- 

 ever, constitute a separate tribe. The close 

 linguistic relation of the divisions — the 

 differences being largely dialectic — indi- 

 cates that they are branches of an original 

 group, the development probably being 

 augmented by incorporations. At the 

 time of Long's expedition (1825), when 

 the bands were still near their respective 

 localities, the country inhabited by the 

 group was, according to liim, bounded by 

 a curved line extending e. of n. from 

 Prairie du Chien on the Mississippi, so as 

 to include all the e. tributaries of the 

 Mississippi, to the first branch of Chip- 

 pewa r. ; thence by a line running w. of n. 

 to Spirit lake; thence westwardly to Crow 

 Wing r. , Minn., and up that stream to its 

 head; thence westwardly to Red r., and 

 down that stream to Pembina; thence 

 southwestwardly to the e. l)ank of the Mis- 

 souri near the Man<lan villages; thence 

 down the IVIissouri to a point probably 

 not far from Soldiers r. ; thence e. of n. to 

 Prairie du Chien, Wis. This tract in- 

 cludes the territory between lat. 42° to 

 49°, and long. 90° W to 99° 30^_ but omits 

 entirely the vast region occupied by the 

 various bands of the Teton Sioux w. of 

 the Missouri from the Yellowstone south- 

 ward to the Platte. 



The first positive historical mention of 

 this people is found in the Jesuit Rela- 

 tion for 1640, where it is said that in the 

 vicinity of the "Nation des Puans" 

 (Winnebago) are the " Nadvesiv " (Na- 

 dowessioux), "Assinipour" (Assiniboin), 

 etc. In the Jesuit Relation for 1642 it i.s 

 stated that the Nadouessis are situated 

 some 18 days' journey n. w. or w. of Sault 

 Ste Marie, "18 days farther away." Ac- 

 cording to their tradition, the Chippewa 

 first encountered the Dakota at Sault Ste 

 Marie. Dr Thomas S. Williamson, who 

 spent several years among the Dakota of 

 the Mississippi, says (Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, i, 247, 1851) that they claimed to 

 have resided near the confluence of the 

 Mississippi and Minnesota rs. for several 

 generations; that before they came to the 

 Mississij)pi they lived at Mille lac, which 

 they call Isauta-mde, 'knife lake,' from 

 which is probably derived the name 

 Isanyati, 'dwelling at the knife,' by which 

 the Dakota of the Missouri call those who 

 lived on Mississippi and Minnesota rs. 

 Rev. A. L. Riggs asserts that Isanyati, from 

 which Santee is derived, was properly 

 applied only to the Mdewakanton, which 

 would seem to identify this tribe with 

 Hennepin's Issati. He also remarks that 

 most of these Indians with whom he con- 

 versed could trace their history no further 

 back than to Mille lac, l)ut that some 

 could tell of wars they had with the 

 Chippewa before they went thither and 

 trace their history back to Lake of the 

 Woods. He adds that all their traditions 

 show that they came from the n. e. and 

 have been moving toward the s. w. , which 

 would imply that they came from some 

 point N. of the lakes. DuLuth (1678) and 

 Hennepin (1680) found some of the Da- 

 kota at and in the region of Mille lac, 

 named by the latter in his text L. Issati, 

 and in his autograph map L. Buade. 

 These included the Mdewakanton, part of 

 the Sisseton, part if not all of theWahpe- 

 ton, and probably the Wahpekute. Hen- 

 nepin's map places the Issati ( Mdewakan- 

 ton ) close to L. Buade, the Oiia de Battons 

 (Wahpeton) a little to the n. e. of the lake, 

 the Hanctons (Yankton or Yanktonai) 

 some distance to the N., and theTinthonha 

 or Gens des Prairies (Teton) to the w., on 

 the upper Mississippi. If this may be 

 considered even api)roximately correct, it 

 indicates that parts at least of some of the 

 western tribes still lingered in the region 

 of the upper Mississippi, and indeed it is 

 well known that very few of the Sioux 

 crossed the Missouri before 1750. Mal- 

 lery's winter count (10th Rep. B. A. E., 

 266, 1894) places their entrance into the 

 Black-hills, from which they di.spossessed 

 the Cheyenne and the Kiowa, at about 

 1765. Referring to their location in the 



