386 



DELAWARE 



[b. a. 



that time probably at least 700. By the 

 year 1835 most of the tribe had been gath- 

 ered on a reservation in Kansas, from 

 which they removed, in 1867, to Indian 

 Ter. and incorporated with the Cherokee 

 Nation. Another band is affiliated with 

 the Caddo and Wichita in w. Oklahoma, 

 besides which there are a few scattered 

 remnants in the United States, with sev- 

 eral hundred in Canada, under the va- 

 rious names of Delawares, Munsee, and 

 Moravians. 



It is impossible to get a definite idea of 

 the numbers of the Delawares at any 

 given period, owing to the fact that they 

 have always been closely connected with 

 other tribes, and have hardly formed 

 one compact body since leaving the At- 

 lantic coast. All the estimates of the 

 last century give them and their con- 

 nected tribes from about 2,400 to 3,000, 

 while the estimates within the present 

 century are much lower. Their present 

 population, including the Munsee, is 

 about 1,900, distributed as follows: In- 

 corporated with Cherokee Nation, Ind.T., 

 870; Wichita res., Oklahoma, 95; Munsee, 

 with Stockbridges, in Wisconsin, perhaps 

 260; Munsee, with Chippewa, in Kansas, 

 perhaps 45; "Moravians of the Thames," 

 Ontario, 347; " Munsees of the Thames," 

 Ontario, 122, with Six Nations on Grand 

 r., Ontario, 150. 



According to Morgan (Anc. Soc, 171, 

 1877) the Delawares have 3 clans (called 

 by him gentes), or phratries, divided 

 into 34 subclans, not including 2 sub- 

 clans now extinct. These clans, which 

 are the same among the Munsee and Ma- 

 hican, are: (1) Took-seat ('round paw,' 

 'wolf'). (2) Pokekooungo ('crawling,' 

 'turtle'). (3) Pullaook ('non-chewing,' 

 'turkey'). These clans— Wolf, Turtle, 

 and Turkey — are commonly given as syn- 

 onymous with Munsee, Unami, and Una- 

 lachtigo, the 3 divisions of the Delawares, 

 exclusive of the New Jersey branch. Ac- 

 cording to Brinton tney are not clans, but 

 mere totemic emblems of the 3 geographic 

 divisions above named. Of these the 

 Unami held the hereditary chieftainship. 

 The New Jersey branch probably formed 

 a fourth division, but those bands broke 

 up at an early period and became incor- 

 porated with the others. Many of them 

 had originally removed from the w. bank 

 of Delaware r. to escape the inroads of 

 the Conestoga. The 3 clans as given by 

 Morgan are treated under the better 

 known geographic names. 



The Took-seat, or Wolf clan, has the 

 following 12 subdivisions: (1) Maangreet 

 (big feet) ; (2) Weesowhetko ( yellow tree) ; 

 (3) Pasakunamon (pulling corn); (4) 

 Weyarnihkato (care enterer, i. e. cave en- 

 terer?); (5) Tooshwarkama (across the 

 river); (6) Olumane (vermilion); (7) 



Punaryou (dog standing by fireside); 

 (8) Kwineekcha (long body); (9) Moon- 

 hartarne (digging); (10) Nonharmin 

 (pulling up stream); (11) Longushhar- 

 karto (brush log); (12) Mawsootoh 

 (bringing along). 



The Pokekooungo, or Turtle clan, has 

 the following 10 suVxlivisions, 2 others be- 

 ing extinct: (1) Okahoki (ruler); (2) Ta- 

 koongoto (high l>ank shore); (3) Seehar- 

 ongoto (drawing down hill); (4) Olehar- 

 karmekarto (elector); (5) Maharolukti 

 (brave); (6) Tooshkipakwisi (green 

 leaves); (7) Tungulungsi (smallest turtle); 

 (8) Welunungsi (little turtle); (9) Lee- 

 kwinai (snapping turtle); (10) Kwisaese- 

 keesto (deer). 



The Pullaook, or Turkey clan, has the 

 following 12 subdivisions: (1) Moharala 

 (bigbird); (2)Lelewayou (bird's cry) ;(3) 

 Mookwungwahoki (eye pain); (4) Moo- 

 harmowikarnu (scratch the path); (5) 

 Opinghoki (opossum ground); (6) Muh- 

 howekaken (old shin); (7) Tongonaoto 

 (drift log); (8) Noolamarlarmo (living in 

 water); (9) Muhkrentharne( root digger); 

 (10) Muhkarmhukse (red face); (11) 

 Koowahoke (pine region); (12) Oochuk- 

 ham (ground scratcher). 



The divisions of the Munsee, according 

 to Ruttenber, were the Minisink, Waor- 

 anec, Waranawonkong, Mamekoting, 

 Wawarsink, and Catskill. He names 

 among the Unami divisions the Navasink, 

 Raritan, Hackensack, Aquackanonk, Tap- 

 pan, and Haverstraw, all in n. New Jersey, 

 but there were others in Pennsylvania. 

 Among the Unalachtigo divisions in Penn- 

 sylvania and Delaware were probably the 

 Neshamini, Shackamaxon, Passayonk, 

 Okahoki, Hickory Indians (?), and Nan- 

 tuxets. The Gachwechnagechga, or Le- 

 high Indians, were probably of the Unami 

 division. Among the New Jersey bands 

 not classified are the Yacomanshaghking, 

 Kahansuk, Konekotay, Meletecunk, Ma- 

 tanakons, Eriwonec, Asomoche, Pomp- 

 ton (probably a Munsee division), Ran- 

 cocas, Tirans, Siconesses (Chiconessex), 

 Sewapoo (perhaps in Delaware), Keche- 

 meche, Mosilian, Axion, Calcefar, As- 

 sunpink, Naraticon, and Manta ( perhaps 

 a Munsee division). The Nyack band, or 

 village, in Rockland co., N. Y., may have 

 belonged to the Unami. The Papagonk 

 band and the Wysox probably belonged 

 to the Munsee. See also Munsee, Unami, 

 Unalachtigo. 



The following were Delaware villages: 

 Achsinnink, Ahasimus (Unami?), Ala- 

 mingo, AUaquippa, Alleghany, Anderson's 

 Town, Aquackanonk, Au Glaize, Bald 

 Eagle's Nest, Beaversville, Beavertown, 

 Bethlehem (Moravian), Black Hawk, 

 Black Leg's Village, Buckstown, Bullets 

 Town (?),Cashiehtunk (Munsee ?), Cata- 

 waweshink(?), Chikohoki (Unalachtigo), 



