BfLL. 30] 



ENEKELKAWA ENGLISH INFLUENCE 



423 



Enesher. — Lewis (lSO(i) in Oris:. Jmir. Lewis iuid 

 Clark, HI, 164 1905. E-nee-shur.— Clark {18!J,t), 

 ibiil., Itil. E-nee-Shur.— Ibid., l.s;5. E-ne-show.— 

 Gibbs in Pac. K. K.Rep., i, 117, l.s55. E-ne-shur.— 

 Lewis and Clark, op. fit., I, map. Eneshure. — Iljid., 

 II, 472. Enesteurs. — Wilkes, Hist. Oregon, 44. 1S45. 



Enekelkawa. A former Lniseiio village 

 near the site of San Luis Rey mission, 

 s. Cal. — Tavlor in Cal. Farmer, Mav 11, 

 1860. 



Enempa. A Calusa village on the s. w. 

 coast of Florida, about 1570. — Fontaneda 

 Memoir {ca. 1575), Smith trans., 19, 1854. 



Enfrenado (Span. : 'l)ridled'). An In- 

 dian village about 40 leagues from C. Santa 

 Helena, in s. South Carolina, visited by 

 JuanPardoin 1565. — Vandera (1567) in 

 Smith, Coleo. Doc. Fla., i, 16, 1857. 



English influence. The first English 

 visitors to the coast of Virginia-Carolina 

 were well received by the Indians, whom 

 the early chroniclers, as Harlot, for ex- 

 ample, describe as peaceful and amiable 

 people. So, too, were in the beginning 

 the natives of the New England coast, 

 but in 1605 Capt. Weymouth forcil)ly 

 carried off live Indians, and he soon had 

 many imitators. The good character 

 ascribed l>y Pastor Cushman in 1620 to the 

 Indians of Plymouth colony was forgot- 

 ten when theological zeal saw in the abo- 

 rigines of the New World " the accursed 

 seed of Canaan," which it was the duty of 

 good Christians to exterminate (see Lost 

 Tea Tribes). When the political ambi- 

 tions of the English colonists were aroused 

 conflicts with the Indians soon occurred, 

 and the former came to regard the latter 

 as the natural enemies of the whites in 

 the onward march of civilization. Un- 

 like the French, they paid little attention 

 to the pride of the Indians, despising the 

 heathen ways and institutions more and 

 more as their power grew and their land 

 hunger increased. With a few noble ex- 

 ceptions, like Roger Williams and John 

 Eliot, the clergy of the English col- 

 onies were not nearly so sympathetic to- 

 ward the natives as were the French mis- 

 sionaries in Acadia and New France. 

 Scotchmen, however, in the S., in the 

 W., in the old provinces of Canada, and 

 in the territories handed over to the 

 Hudson's Bay Company have played a 

 conspicuous part as associates and leaders 

 of the Indians. Even men like Canonicus 

 were always suspicious of their English 

 friends, and never really opened their 

 hearts to them. The introduction of rum 

 and brandy among the Indians worked 

 infinite damage. Some of the New Eng- 

 land tribes, such as the Pequot, for ex- 

 ample, foreseeing perhaps the result of 

 their advent, were inimical to the English 

 from the first, and the extermination of 

 these Indians ensued when the whites 

 were strong enough to accomplish it. 

 It appears, however, that the English 



colonists paid for most of the land that 

 thev took from the Indians (Thomas in 

 18th Rep. B. A. E., 549, 1899). English 

 influence on tribal government and land 

 tenure was perceptible as early as 1641. 

 The success of deliberately planned edu- 

 cational institutions for the benefit of 

 the Indian during the early periods of 

 American histDry does not seem to have 

 l)een projxjrtionate to the hoi)es and 

 ideals of tlieir founders. Harvard, Dart- 

 mouth, and the College of William and 

 Mary all began, in whole or in ])art, as 

 colleges for Indian youth, but their grad- 

 uates of aboriginal blood have been few 

 indeed, while they are now all high-class 

 institutions fqr white men (see Educa- 

 tion). The royal charter of Dartmouth 

 College (1769) specifically states that it is 

 to be " for the education and instruction 

 of youths of the Indian tribes in this 

 land," and "for civilizing and Christian- 

 izing the children of pagans." That of 

 Harvard looked to "the education of the 

 English and Indian youth in knowledge 

 and godliness." Harvard had during 

 the colonial period one Indian graduate, 

 Caleb Cheeshateaumuck, of whom hardly 

 more than his name is known (see James, 

 English Institutions and the American 

 Indian, 1894). The aim of the English 

 has ever been to transform the aborigines 

 and lift them at once to their own plane. 

 When commissioners visited the Cherokee 

 they induced these to elect an "em- 

 peror, ' ' with whom treaties could be made. 

 The Friends, from the time of William 

 Penn (1682) down to the j^resent (see 

 Mooney in 17th Rep. B. A. E., 193, 1898), 

 seem to have furnished many individuals 

 capable, like the Baptist Roger Williams 

 (1636), of exercising great personal influ- 

 ence over the Indians. The Quakers still 

 continue their work, e. g. , among the east- 

 ern Cherokee (Moonev in 19th Rep. B. 

 A. E. , 1 76, 1 900 ) and the Tlingit of A laska. 

 The New England Company established 

 for the i)ropagation of the gospel in Amer- 

 ica (1649), whose operations were trans- 

 ferred to Canada in 1822, carries on at 

 the present time work on the Brantford 

 Iro(iuois reserve and in other parts of 

 Ontario, at Kuper id., Brit. Col., and 

 elsewhere. Its Mohawk institute, near 

 Brantford, has had a powerful influence 

 among the Iroquois of Ontario. The 

 pagan members of these Indians have 

 recently been investigated bv Boyle (Jour. 

 Anthrop. Inst. G. B., n. s.," iii, 263-273, 

 1900), who tells us that "all for which 

 Iroquois paganism is indebted to European 

 culture" is the possession of some ideas 

 about God or the Great Spirit and "a few 

 suggestions respecting conduct, 1)ased on 

 the Christian code of morals." The con- 

 stant mingling of the young men with 

 their white neighbors and the going of 



