BULL. SO] 



ESCOUMAINS ESKIMO 



433 



town, noted by Romans; evidently situ- 

 ated a few miles e. or n. e. of Ayanabi, 

 perhaps on or near Petickfa cr., Kemper 

 CO., Miss. — Halbert in Miss. Hist. Soc. 

 Publ.,vi, 424, 1902. 



Escoumains {pvohahly from ashkimin, or 

 askhiun, 'early berry'.— W. J. ). A Mon- 

 tagnais band living on a reserve of 97 

 acres on the s. w. side of Escoumains r., 

 on the N. shore of the St Lawrence, in 

 Saguenav co., Quebec. Thev numbered 

 53ln 1884, 43 in 1904. 



Escoumains. — Can. Ind. Aff. Rep. for 1S84, pt. I, 

 185, 18S5. 



Escumawash. A former Chumashan 

 village at Han Jose, about 6 m. from 

 Santa Barbara mis^sion, Cal. — Timeno 

 (1856) qu(jted bv Tavlor in Cal. Farmer, 

 May 4, 1860. 



Esekepkabuk. A band of the Crow tribe 

 adopted from the Sihasapa. 

 Bad Coup.— ("ulbcrtson in Smithson. Rep. 1850, 144, 

 1851. Bad Honors. —Morgan, Anc. Soc, 159, 1877. 

 Ese-kep-ka'-buk, — Ibid. 



Eshhulup. The name of "the rancheria 

 of the mission of San Buenaventura," 

 Cal. (Taylor in Cal. Farmer, May 4, 

 1860). The native name usually given to 

 San Buenaventura was Mishkanakan, or 

 Mitskanakan (see Miscanaka). 



Eshkebugecoshe ('Flat-mouth', 'Wide- 

 mouth'). A chief of the Pillager Chip- 

 pewa; born in 1774, died about 1860. He 

 belonged to the Awausee gens. In his 

 youth Eshkebugecoshe engaged in distant 

 expeditions, lived among the Cree and 

 Assiniboin, and visited in war or peace 

 the tribes of the upper Missouri, spend- 

 ing some time among the Hidatsa. His 

 father. Yellow-hair (Wasonaunequa), 

 was not a chief by descent, but gained 

 ascendency over the Pillagers through 

 his knowledge of medicine, and it is said 

 that whoever incurred his hatred died 

 mysteriously. The son was different, en- 

 joying the respet't of whites as well as 

 Indians throughout his long life. He 

 was much impressed by the prophecies of 

 Tenskwatawa, and through his influence 

 poisoning ceased among the Pillagers, as 

 among other Chippewa. In the later 

 contests with the Sioux for the head- 

 waters of the Mississippi he bore a val- 

 iant part. Although his band at Leech 

 lake, Minn., was decimated in the ex- 

 terminating war, it continued to grow 

 through accessions of the brave.st spirits 

 of the eastern villages. When a political 

 agent sought to enlist the Pillagers in the 

 British interest at the beginning of the 

 war of 1812, Flat-mouth returned the prof- 

 fered wampum belts, saying that he 

 would as soon invite white men to aid 

 him in his wars as take part in a quar- 

 rel between the whites. (f. h.) 



Eshpeu. A Yurok village on the coast 

 between the mouths of Klamath r. and 

 Redwood cr., at Gold bluff, Cal. The 



dialect differed slightly from that of the 

 Klamath River Yurok. {a. l. k.) 



Eskegawaage. One of the 7 districts of 

 the territory of the Micmac as recognized 

 l)y themselves. It includes e. Nova Sco- 

 tia from Canso to Halifax. ^ — Rand, First 

 Micmac Reading Book, 81, 1875. 



Eskimauan Family. A linguistic stock 

 of North American aborigines, compris- 

 ing two well-marked divisions, the Eski- 

 mo and the Aleut (q. v. ). See Powell in 

 7th Rep. B. A. E.,71, 1891. (The following 

 synonymy of the family is chronologic. ) 

 >Eskimaux. — Gallatin in Trans, and Coll. Am. 

 Antiq. Soc, ii, 9, 30.5, 1836; Gallatin in Trans. Am. 

 Ethnol. Soc, II, pt. 1, xcix, 77, 1848; Gallatin in 

 Schoolcraft. Ind. Tribes, in, 401, 1853. =Eskimo.— 

 Berghaus (1845), Phv.<*ik. Atlas, map 17, 1848; ibid., 

 1852; Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 2SS, ls.50 (general 

 remarks on origin and habitat); Buschmann, 

 Spuren der aztek. Sprache, tiS'.i, 1859; Latham, 

 Elem. Comp. Philol., 385, 18ti2; Bancroft, Nat. 

 Races, ur,.5(i2,. 574, 1882. >Esquimaux. — Priehard, 

 Phys. Hist. Mankind, v, 367-371, 1847 (follows Gal- 

 latin); Latham in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., i, 

 182-191, 1848; Latham, Opuscula, 266-274, 1860. 

 >Eskimo.— Dall in Proc A. A. A. S., 266, lS69(treats 

 of Alaskan Eskimo and Tuski oniy); Berghaus, 

 Physik. Atlas, map 72, 1887 (excludes the Aleu- 

 tian). >Eskinios. — Keane, app. to Stanford's 

 Compend., Cent, and So. Am., 460, 1878 (excludes 

 Aleutian). >Ounangan. — Veniariiinoff, Zapiski, 

 II, 1, 1840 (Aleutians only). >TIniigun. — Dall in 

 Cont. N. A. Ethnol., I, 22, 1877 (Aleuts a division 

 of his Orarian group). >trnangan.'— Berghaus, 

 Phy.sik. Atlas, map 72, 1887. xNorthern. — Scouler 

 in ,Tour. Roy. Geog. Soc. xi, 218, 1841 (includes 

 Ugalentzes of present family). xHaidah. — Scou- 

 ler, ibid., 224, 1841 (same as iiis Northern family). 

 >T7galjachmutzi. — Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, III, 402, 18.53 ilat. 60^, between Prince 

 Williams sd. and ;\It St Elias, perhaps Athapas- 

 can). >Aleuten. — Holmberg, Ethnog. Skizzen, 

 1855. >Aleutians.— Dall in Proc A. A. A. S., 266, 

 1869; Dall, Alaska, 374, 1870 (in both places a di- 

 vision of his Orarian family). >Aleuts. — Keane, 

 app. to Stanford's Compend., Cent, and So. Am., 

 460, 1878 (consist of Unalaskans of mainland and 

 of Fox and Shumagin ids., with Akkhas of rest 

 of Aleutian arch.). >Aleut.— Bancroft, Nat. 

 Races, in, .562, 1882 (two dialects, Unalaska and 

 Atkha). >Konjagen. — Holmberg, Ethnog. Skiz- 

 zen, 1855 (Island of Koniag or Kadiak). =Ora- 

 rians.— Dall in Proc. A. A. A. S., 265, 1869 (group 

 name; includes Innuit, Aleutians, Tuski); Dall, 

 Alaska, 374, 1870; Dall in Cont. N. A. Ethnol.. I, 

 8, 9, 1877. xTinneh.— Dall in Proc A. A. A. S., 

 269, 1869 (includes " UgalensC'"). >Inniiit.— Dall 

 in Cont. N. A. Ethnol., i, 9, 1877 (" Major group" 

 of Orarians: treats of Alaska Innuit only); Berg- 

 haus, Physik. Atlas, map 72, 1887 (excludes the 

 Aleutians). 



Eskimo. Agroupof American aborigines, 

 forming part of the Eskimauan linguistic 

 stock, which formerly occupied nearly all 

 the coasts and islands of Arctic America 

 from E. Greenland and the n. end of New- 

 foundland to the westernmost Aleutian 

 ids. , even extending to the e. coast of Sibe- 

 ria, a distance of more than 5, 000 m . From 

 remains found in Smith sd. it is evident 

 that bands formerly wintered as far n. 

 as lat. 79° and had summer camps up to 

 82°. At the present time they have re- 

 ceded from this extreme range and in 

 the S. have abandoned the x. shore of the 

 Gulf of St Lawrence, the n. end of New- 

 foundland, James bay, and the s. shores 

 of Hudson bay, while in Alaska one E^- 



Bull. 30—05- 



-28 



