438 



ESQU IM A LT EST ANCIA 



I '.. A. E. 



Esquimalt. The local name fejr a body 

 of Songish at the s. e. end of Vancouver 

 id., under the Cowichan agency; pop. 15 

 in 1901, 20 in 1904.— Can. Ind. Aff., pt. 2, 

 66, 1902; pt. 2, 69, 1904. 



Esquimaux Point. A Montagnais mis- 

 sion settlement on the n. bank of the St 

 Lawrence, about 20 m. e. of Mingan, 

 Quebec. 



Esquimaux Point. — Stearns, Labrador, 271, 1884. 

 Pointe des Esquimaux. — Hind, Lab. Penin., ll, 180, 

 1863. 



Esquipomgole. Defined by Bartlett 

 (Diet. <if Americanisms, 202, 1877) as 

 "another name for kinnickinnick, or a 

 mixture of tobacco and cornel bark"; 

 said to be an Indian word, possibly Al- 

 gonquian. (a. f. c. ) 



Essanape (Algonq. : astnapd 'stone jjer- 

 son ' . — W. J. ) . A tribe located by Lahon- 

 tan (New Voy., i, 114, 1703) on his "Long 

 r.," identified with Minnesota r. His voy- 

 age up this stream is probably fictitious, 

 and so may be the tribe, which was cer- 

 tainly not the Assiniboin, as has been 

 sugarested, since these under the name 

 Assimpoual were correctly placed by La- 

 hontan in the region of L. Winnipeg. 

 The tribe, if not imaginary, may have 

 been, as Ramsey supposed, the Santee, 

 known as Isanyati, for the Mdewakanton 

 band dwelt at that time on Minnesota r. 

 Esanapes, — Harris, Coll. Voy. and Trav., ii, map, 

 1705. Esanopes. — Barcia, Ensayo, 291, 1723. Es- 

 san-a-pis.— Ramsey in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1849, 78, 

 18.50. Essannapes.— Neill in Minn. Hist. Coll., i, 31, 

 1872. Essenapes. — Vaugondy, map, 1778. 



Esselen. A tril)e of Californian Indians, 

 constituting the Esselenian family, most 

 of the members of which on the founding 

 of Carmelo mission, near Monterey, in 

 1770, were brought under civilizing in- 

 fluences, resulting, as was the case with 

 the Indiansat all the Californian missions, 

 in their rapid decrease (see California In- 

 dians, Mission Ind iaris, Missions). A por- 

 tion ox the tribe seems to have been taken 

 to the mission at Soledad, for Arroyo de 

 la Cuesta (MS., B. A. E.) in 1821 says of 

 an Esselen vocabulary obtained by him- 

 self, "ITuelel language of Soledad; it is 

 from the Esselenes, who are already few. ' ' 

 The original territory of the Esselen lay 

 along the coast s. of Monterey, though 

 its exact limits are diversely given. 

 Henshaw (Esselen MS., B. A. E.) states 

 that they lived on the coast s. of Mon- 

 terey, in the mountains. The Rumsen 

 Indians of the present day at Carmel 

 and Monterey state (Kroeber, MS., Univ. 

 Cal.) that the Esselen originally lived at 

 Agua Caliente (Tassajara springs), which 

 is near the head of Carmel r., in a line 

 between Surand Soledad. Powell's map 

 (7th Rep. B. A. E.) makes the Esselen 

 territory comprise Sur r. , the head of Car- 

 mel r. , and the country about as far s. as 

 Santa Lucia i)eak, which is probably ap- 

 proximately correct. In any case the Es- 



selen territory was confined to a limited 

 area and was bordered only by Salinan and 

 Costanoan tribes. La Perouse's statement 

 that it extended more than 20 leagues e. of 

 Monterey is incorrect. Almost notliing 

 is known of the mode of life and practices 

 of the Esselen, but they were certainly 

 similar to those of the neighboring 

 tribes. What little is known in regard 

 to the Esselen language shows it to have 

 l>een simple and regular and of a type 

 similar to most of the languages of central 

 California, but, notwithstanding a few 

 words in common with Costanoan, of en- 

 tirely unrelated vocabulary and therefore 

 a distinct stock. 



Taylorgivesalistof Esselen villages con- 

 nected with San Carlos mission, namely: 

 Chachat, Coyyo, Fyules, Gilimis, Jappa- 

 yon, Nennequi, Noptac, Santa Clara, Sap- 

 ponet, Saccorondo, Tebityilat, Triwta, 

 Tushguesta, Xumis, Yampas, and Yanos- 

 tas. He mentions also Xaseum, 10 leagues 

 from Carmelo, in the sierra, and Pach- 

 hepes near Xaseum, among the Esselen. 

 He gives still other names, such as Ex- 

 cellemaks and Eslanagan; but none of 

 the settlements named by him have been 

 proved to be Esselen and not Costanoan. 



Carmelo Eslenes. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 

 18('i0. Ecclemachs. — Lamanon in La Peronse. Voy., 



II, 291, 1797. Eclemaches. — Chainissd ijiioted ijy 

 Kotzebne, Voy., ill, 49, 1S21. Ecselenas. — Taylor 

 in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. Ecselenes. — Ibid. 

 Ekklemaches. — Ludewig, Abor. Lang. Am., G8, 

 Is'iS. Ensenes. — Tavlor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 

 LSBO. Escelen.— Humboldt, Essai Pol., 321, isil. 

 Escelenes.— Mayer, Me.xico, ll, 39, 1853. Escel- 

 lens.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1800. Es- 

 elenes. — Ibid. Eskelen. — Ludewig, Abor. Lang. 

 Am., 68, 1858. Eslen.— Galiano, Viaje Sutil y 

 Mexicana, 167, 1802. Eslenes.— Ibid., 172. Esse- 

 len,— Henshaw in Am. Anthrop., in, 45, 1890. 

 Excellemaks. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. 



Esselenian Family. A small linguistic 

 stock in w. California, first positively 

 established bv Henshaw (Am. Anthrop., 



III, 45, 1890). " At the time of the Spanish 

 settlement, this family, which has become 

 extinct, consisted of a single group, the 

 Esselen, q. v. 



=Esselen.— Dixon and Kroeber in Am. Anthrop., 

 n. s., V, no. 1, map, 1903. =Esselenian. — Powell 

 in 7th Rep. B. A. E., 75, 1891. <:Salinas.— Latliam 

 in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 85, 1856 (includes 

 Gioloco?, Ruslen, Soledad, Eslen, Carmel, San 

 Antonio, and San Miguel, cited as including 

 Eslen); Latham, Opuseula, 350, 1860. 



Estait. A former Chumashan village 

 near Puri'sima mission, Santa Barbara 

 CO., Cal. — Tavlor in Cal. Fanner, Oct. 18, 

 1861. 



Estale. A former settlement of the 

 southern group of E. Greenland Eskimo. — 

 Meddelelser oin Gn'Jnland, xxv, 26, 1902. 



Estame. A Calusa village on the s. w. 

 coast of Florida, about 1570. — Fontaneda 

 Memoir {ca. 1575), Smith trans., 19, 1854. 



Estancia (a Spanish term with many 

 meanings, but here probably signifying 

 'sojourning or staying place'). A Pima 

 rancheria visited bv Anza in 1774; situ- 



