BULL. 30] 



FABRICS FACE PAINTING 



U9 



cally extinct, very different from the dia- 

 lects of the other tribes; hence it is prob- 

 al)le they were a part of an older confeder- 

 a(;y which was incorjiorated in the Caddo 

 when the latter became dominant. The 

 early home of the tribe was on Eyeish 

 cr. between the Sabine and Neches rs. of 

 Texas. Moscoso led his troops through 

 their country in 1542, encountering herds 

 of buffalo. From the statements of Joutel 

 and Douay, the Eyeish were not on good 

 terms with the tribes w. of them on the 

 Trinity, nor with those on Eed r. in the n. 

 at the time the French entered their 

 country late in the 17th century; but, 

 judging from the confusion of names by 

 early writers, it is likely that only some 

 of the subdivisions or villages were repre- 

 sented in the war parties. The mission of 

 Nuestra Sehorade los Dolores (q. v. ) was 

 established among them by the Francis- 

 cans who accompanied Don Domingo Ra- 

 mon on his tour in 1716-17. They were, 

 however, very little amenable to Spanish 

 influence, for after 50 years of missionary 

 effort, the mission register showed, ac- 

 cording to Soils (MS., cited by H. E. 

 -Bolton, inf'n, 1906), only 11 baptisms, 7 

 interments, and 3 marriages performed 

 at the mission, although the tribe had 

 not been backward in receiving material 

 aid from the inissionaries. Soils reported 

 in 1768 that this tribe was the worst in 

 Texas — drunken, thievish, licentious, im- 

 pervious to religious influence, and dan- 

 gerous to the missionaries. Their vilr 

 lages were not far from the road between 

 the French post at Natchitoches and the 

 Spanish jjost at Nacogdoches, and the 

 trilje was thus exposed to the contentions 

 of the period and to the ravages of small- 

 pox, measles, and other new diseases in- 

 troduced by the white race. In the lat- 

 ter part of the 18th century the Eyeish 

 were placed under the jurisdiction of the 

 officials residing at Nacogdoches; in 1779 

 Mezieres stated that there were 20 fami- 

 lies of the "Ays" and that they were 

 hated bj' both Indians and Spaniards 

 (Bolton, op. cit. ). In 1785 there were re- 

 ported to have been 300 "Ahijitos" on 

 Atoyac r., opposite the Nacogdoches 

 (Bancroft, No. Mex. States, i, 666^ 1886). 

 In 1805 Sibley stated that only 20 mem- 

 bers of the tribe were then living; but in 

 1828 (Soc. Geog. Mex., 1870) they were 

 said to number 160 families between 

 Brazos and Colorado rs. These differ- 

 ences in the estimates would seem to in- 

 dicate that the Eyeish were considerably 

 scattered during this period. Those who 

 survived the vicissitudes which befell the 

 Caddo in the 19th century are with their 

 kindred on the "Wichita res. in Oklahoma. 

 Nothing definite is known of their cus- 

 toms and beliefs, which, however, were 



probably similar to those entertained 

 and practised by other triljes of the con- 

 federacy, and no definite knowledge of 

 their divisions and totems has survived. 

 While in New Mexico in 1540-41 Coro- 

 nado learned from a Plains Indian known 

 as The Turk, probably a Pawnee, of a 

 province or settlement called Ayas, 6 or 

 7 days' journey distant, at which the 

 Spanish army could obtain provisions on 

 its way to Copala and Quivira. This place 

 may have l)een imaginary, or the Eyeish 

 peo]ile may have been meant. It was The 

 Turk's intention to lead the Spaniards 

 astray, hence locality plays but little part 

 in the identification. (a. c. f. ) 



Aas.— Villa-Sefior, Theatro Am., pt. ii, 412, 1748. 

 Aays.— Gentl. of El va.s (15.57) in Hakluyt Soc. Pub., 

 IX, 136, 18.51. Aes.— Rivera, Diario y Derrotero, 

 leg. 2165, 1736. Ahiahichi.— Thevenot quoted by 

 Shea, Discov., 268, 1852. Ahijados.— Frevtas. I'tna"- 

 losa (1662), 35, 66,ls82. Ahijitos.— Morti, M.'^. Hist. 

 Tejas, bk. 2, ca. 1781-82. Ahijaos. — Freyta.s, op. 

 cit., 34. Ahyches. — Doe. ca. 1735 in Marfrry, Dee.,vi, 

 233,1886. Aiaichi. — Marquette, map (1673) in Shea, 

 Discov.. 1852. A'-ic.—Dor.sey, Caddo MS.,B. A. E., 

 1882. Aiches. — LaHarpe(1716)in Margry, Dee.,vi, 

 193, 1886. Aijados.— Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 

 1.50,1889. Aijaos.— Ibid., 163. Aijas.— Vetancurt 

 (ro. 1693), Teatro Mex., in, 303,1871. Ais.— Uhde, 

 Lander, 182, 1861. Aise.— Morse, Rep. to Sec. 

 War, 373, 1822. A'-ish.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. 

 Leg., I, 44, 1884. Aix.— Bull. Soc. Geog. Mex., 268, 

 1870. Aixai.— Sanson, L'Amerique, map 27, 16.57. 

 Aixaj. — Linsehoten, Descr. I'Amdrique, map 1, 

 1638. Aixaos. — Benavides, Memorial, 85, 1630. 

 Aizes. — Tex. St. Arch., Nacogdoches, 1832. Ale- 

 che.—Schermerhorn( 1812) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 2d s., II, 24, 1814. Alich.— Latham in Trans. Philol. 

 Soc. Lond., 101, 1856. Aliche.— Siblev (1805), Hi-st. 

 Sketches, 70, 1806. Alickas.— McKennevand Hall, 

 Ind. Tribes, in, 80, 18.54. Alish.— Latham, Essays, 

 401. 1860. Alishes. — Brackenridge, Views of La., 

 87, 1814. Apiches. — Shea, Di.scov., xxxii, 1852 (mi.s- 

 print). Auches. — Garcilasso de la Vega, Fla., 213, 

 1723 (seemingly the.same). Axtaos. — Onate(1606) 

 cited by Prince, N. Mex., 16G.1S83 (possibly identi- 

 cal). Ayache.— Flint, Ind. Wars, 30, 1S33." Ayas.— 

 Mota-Padilla, Hist, de la ( 'onq., 164, 1742. Ayays.— 

 Gentl. of El vas ( 1.5-57 ) in Hakluyt Soc. Pub., ix, 115, 

 1851. Ayche. — La Harpe(1716) in Margrv, D^c, 

 VI, 194, 1S86. Ayches.— Tefferys (1763), Am". Atlas, 

 map 5, 1776. Aychis. — Baudry des Lozieres, Voy. 

 a la Louisiane, 241, 1802. Ayeche. — Gravelin (ca. 

 1717) quoted bv Winsor, Hist. Am., v, 30, note, 

 1887. Ayes.— Villa-Sefior (1748) quoted by Busch- 

 mann, Spuren. d. azt. Spr..418. 18.54. Ayiches. — La 

 Harpe{1717) in French, Hist. Coll. La., in, 48, 1851. 

 Ayish.— Kennedy, Tex., I, 25, 1841 (the bayou). 

 Ayjados. — Bandelier in .\rch. Inst. Pap., Ill, 169, 

 1890. Ayjaos.— Zarate-Salmeron (ca. 1629). Rel., 

 in Land of Sunshine, 46, Dec, 1899. Ays.— 

 Barcia, Ensayo, 322, 1723. Ayses.— Tex. St. Arch., 

 census of 1790. Ayzes.— Ibid. Egeish.— Scher- 

 merhorn (1812) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 2d s., 

 II, 24, 1814 (misprint). Eyeish.— Sibley, Hist. 

 Sketches, 70, 1806. Eyish. — Brackenridge, Views 

 of La., 81, 1815. Haiish.— ten Kate, Reizen in 

 N.Am., 374, 1885. Hais.— Biedma (1.544) in Hak- 

 luyt Soc. Pub., IX, 197,1851. Ha'-ish.— Gatschet, 

 Caddo and Yatassi MS., B. A. E., 42. Haychis.— 

 Joutel (1687) in Margry, Dec, ill. 410, 1878. Hei- 

 che.— Brown, West, Gaz., 214, 1817. Yais.— Soc 

 Geog. Mex., 504, 1869. Yayecha.- D' Anville, Carte 

 des Isles de I'Amer., 1731. 



Fabrics. See Clothing, Cotton, Feather- 

 irork, Quillwork. Weaving. 



Face. See Anatomy. 



Face painting. See Adornment, Orna- 

 ment, Painting, Tattooing. 



Bull. .30—05- 



-29 



