BULL. 30] 



FAR AON FASTING 



453 



structure and organization of these three 

 exogamic classes, with female descent, 

 mentioned above. Apparentl}' a similar 

 social organization existed among the 

 Natchez, but no detailed information on 

 the subject is available. 



See Adoption, Captires, ('km and Gens, 

 Govcrnme)it, Labor, Kinship, Marriage, 

 Slavery, Social organization. Women. 



(j. N. B. H. ) 



FaraonC Pharaoh'). A tribe of Apache. 

 From references in early Spanish writings 

 to the "Apache hordes of Pharaoh," it is 

 assumed that the name of the Faraon 

 Apache was thus derived. This tribe, 

 no longer known by name, seems to have 

 formed the s. division of the Querecho 

 of Coronado (1541), the Vaqueros of 

 Benavides (1630) and other 17th century 

 writers, and part at least of the Llaneros 

 of more recent times. Their principal 

 range was that part of New Mexico lying 

 between the Rio Grande and the Pecos, 

 although their raids extended beyond 

 this area. Nothing is known of their 

 ethnic relations, but judging from their 

 habitat, they were probably more closely 

 related to the ]\Iescaleros than to any 

 other of the Apache tribes, if indeed they 

 were not a part of them. They made 

 numerous depredations against the Span- 

 ish and Pueblo settlements of the Rio 

 Grande in New Mexico, as well as in 

 Chihuahua, and for a time at least their 

 principal rendezvous was the Sandia mts. 

 in the former territory. Several expedi- 

 tions were led against them by the Spanish 

 authorities, and treaties of peace were 

 made, but these did not prove to be bind- 

 ing. According to Orozco y Berra ( Geog. , 

 59, 1864) their divisions were Ancavistis, 

 Jacomis,Orejones,Carlanes,andCuampes, 

 but of these the Carlanesat least belonged 

 to the Jicarillas. (f. w. h. ) 



Apache hoards of Pharaoh.— Doc. of 1714 quoted by 

 Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 232, 1889. Apaches 

 Faraones.— Autos de guerra (1704) quoted by Ban- 

 deller in Arch. Inst. Papers, v, 183, 1890. Apaches 

 Farones.— Bollaert in Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., ii, 

 26.'), 1850. Apaches Pharaones. — Rivera, Diario, leg. 

 784, 1736. Apaches Taraones. — Bandelier, Gilded 

 Man, 253, 1893 (misprint). Faraona.— Doc. of 1714 

 quoted by Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, in, 

 180, 1890. Faraon Apaches. — Bancroft, Ariz, and 

 N. Mex., 223, 1889. Faraones.— Villa-Senor, Thea- 

 tro Am., pt. 2, 416, 1748. Fardones.— Humboldt, 

 Kingd. of N. Sp., ll, 238, 1822 (misprint). Farreon 

 Apaches. — Vargas (1694) quoted bv Davis, Span. 

 Conq. N. Mex., 396, 1869. Intujen-ne.— Escudero, 

 Noticias Estad.de Chihuahua, 212, 1834 (misprint). 

 Pharaona.— Valverde (1720) quoted bv Bandelier 

 in Arch. Inst. Papers, v, 184, 1890. Pharaones.— 

 Rivera, Diario, leg. 950, 1736. Southern Apaches.— 

 Bandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, v, 183, 1890. 

 Taracone.— Villa-Senor, Theatro Am., pt. 2, 416, 

 1748. Taraones.— Mota-Padilla, Hist, de la Con- 

 quista, 516, 1742. Tarracones.— Domenech, Deserts 

 of N. Am., n, 7, 1860. Yuta-ienne.— Orozco y Berra, 

 Geog., .59, 1864. 



Far Indians. A general term used by 

 English writers about the beginning of 

 the 18th cejitury to designate the Indians 

 of any tribe remote from the English set- 



tlements of the N. Atlantic coast. It was 

 applied more especially to the tribes of 

 the upper great lakes and to the Shawnee 

 before tlieir removal from the S. The 

 word occurs also as "Farr." (,i. m. ) 



Farmers Band. A Dakota division, 

 probably of the ]Mdewakanton, who.se 

 habitat was below L. Traverse, Minn. - 



Civilized Farmers.- Ind. Aff. Rep. 18.59, 100, 1860. 

 lasica.— Hinman, MS. notes, B. A. E., 1881. Farm- 

 ers' band. — Ind. Aff. Rep., 68,1860. New civilized 

 band.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 18.59, 102, 1860. Saopi.— Gale, 

 Upper Miss., 252, 1867 (probably misprint for 

 Taopi). Taopi's band. — McKusick in Ind. Aff. 

 Rep., 31.5, 1863. 



Farmer's Brother. A Seneca chief, 

 known among his people as Honanya- 

 wus, of vulgar meaning, born in 1716, or 

 1718, or 1732, according to varying au- 

 thorities; died in 1814 (Drake, Biog. and 

 Hist. Inds., bk. v, 108, 1837; Haines, Am. 

 Indian, 579, 1888). He is often men- 

 tioned in connection with Red Jacket, but 

 does not appear to have come into promi- 

 nence until about 1792. One of his most 

 celebrated speeches was delivered before 

 a council at Genesee r., N. Y., in 1798. 

 He signed the treaties of Genesee, Sept. 

 15, 1797, and Buffalo cr., June 30, 1802. 

 He espoused the cause of the United States 

 in the war of 1812, and although 80 years 

 of age engaged actively in the strife and was 

 present in the action near Ft George, N. Y., 

 Aug. 17, 1813. He died soon after the bat- 

 tle of Lundy's Lane and was buried with 

 military honors by the fifth regiment of 

 U. S. infantry. Farmer's Brother was 

 always an advocate of peace and more 

 than once prevented his tribe from going 

 on the warpath. (c. t. ) 



Fasting. A rite widely observed among 

 the Indians and practised both in private 

 and in connection with public ceremonies. 

 The first fast took place at puberty, when 

 the youth was sometimes sent to a .seques- 

 tered place and remained alone, fasting 

 and praying from 1 to 4 days, or even 

 longer (see Child life). At this time or 

 during similar fasts which followed, he 

 was supposed to see in a dream the object 

 which was to be his special medium of 

 communication with the supernatural. 

 Simple garments or none were worn when 

 fasting. Among some tribes clay was put 

 upon the head, and tears were shed as 

 the appeals were made to the unseen pow- 

 ers. At the conclusion of a long fast the 

 quantity of food taken was regulated for 

 several days. It was not uncommon for 

 an adult to fast, as a prayer for success, 

 when about to enter upon an important 

 enterprise, as war or hunting. Fasting 

 was also a means by which occult power 

 was believed to be acquired; a shaman 

 had to fast frequently in order to be able 

 to fulfill the duties of his office. 



Initiation into religious societies was 

 accompanied by fasting, and in some of 



