DULL. 30] 



FOOLISH DOGS FORT ANCIENT 



469 



Month., Jan., 1900; Jenks in 19th Kep. 

 B. A. E., 1900; Mason (1) Migration and 

 the Food Quest, Smithsonian Rep., 1894, 

 (2) AVjoriginal American Zootechnv, Am. 

 Anthrop., i, Jan., 1899; Pahnerjl) in 

 Am. Nat, xii, 402, 1878, (2) in Rep. 

 Com' r of Agr. 1870, 1871; Payne, Hist. 

 America, i, 376-400, 1892; Powers in 

 Cont. N. A. Ethnol., iii, 1877; Sagard- 

 Theodat, Grand Yoy., 1632, repr. 1865; 

 Schoolcraft, Ind. Tril)es, i-vr, 1851-57; 

 Sturtevant, Indian Corn and the Indian, 

 Am. Nat., xix, 225, 1885. See alio the 

 bibliographies under the articles above 

 cited. (w. H.) 



Foolisli Dogs. An Hidatsa band accord- 

 ing to Culbertson (Smithson. Rep., 1850, 

 143, 1851 ), but properly a warrior society. 



Footprint sculptures. Among relics of 

 undetermine<l use and significance left 

 by the vanished tribes are numerous rep- 

 resentations of human footprints, often 

 regarded as actual footprints made while 

 the rock material was .«till plastic. They 

 are sculjitured in slabs or masses, gener- 

 ally of sandstone, 

 and show varying 

 degrees of skill in 

 execution. Repre- 

 sentations of tracks 

 of men and beasts 

 also occur fre- 

 quently in picto- 

 graphs i:)ainted and 

 sculptured on rock 

 surfaces ( see Trad: 

 rock). In this con- 

 nection they j)r(il - 

 ably served to de's- 

 ignate particular 

 creatures or beings, 

 the direction of their movements, the 

 number of individuals, etc., but the larger 

 well-sculptured footprints represented in 

 museum collections probably had special 

 significance as the reputed tracks of an- 

 cestors, of giants, or monsters, and may 

 have been designed by cunning persons 

 to deceive the uninitiated. The carvings 

 represent sometimes a single footprint 

 and again two or more in association, and 

 are usually shallow, being rarely more than 

 an inch in depth {f-ee Fictograplnj, Proh- 

 lematiral ohjects). Consult Rau in Smith- 

 son. Cont., XXII, 22, 1876. (w. ii. ii.) 



Foreman, Stephen. A Cherokee who 

 became an active coworker with the Pres- 

 byterian missionaries among his people. 

 He received an elementary education at 

 the mission school at Candy's Creek, w. 

 of Cleveland, Tenn., and after pursuing 

 some preparatory studies under Rev. S. A. 

 Worcester at New Echota, Ga., spent a 

 year at Union Theological Seminary in 

 Virginia and another at Princeton, N. J., 

 in the study of theology. He was licensed 

 to preach by the Union Presbytery of 



Tennessee about Oct. 1, 1833. Foreman 

 is said to have preached with animation 

 and fluency in the Cherokee language. 

 With Mr Worcester he translated the 

 Psalms and a large part of Isaiah into 

 the Cherokee language. — Pilling, Bibliog. 

 Iroq. Lang., Bull. B. A. E., 1888. 



Forked Horn. One of the Dakota bands 

 below L. Traverse, 3Iinn. ; probably Wah- 

 peton or Sisseton. — Ind. Aff. Rep., 102, 

 1859. 



Forks of the Eiver Men. A band of the 

 Arapaho, q. v. 



Fort Ancient. A prehistoric Indian for- 

 tification in Warren co., Ohio. It is sit- 

 uated on a headland, from 260 to 280 ft 

 high, which projects from a plateau and 

 overlooks the e. bank of Miami r. The 

 slopes are mosth' steep and in several 

 places precipitous. The place is naturally 

 a strong one, the elevated area being 

 flanked by two ravines that approach each 

 other some distance back from the point 

 of the bluff, forming a peninsula of this 

 front part with a narrow isthmus liehind 



^ , it. This divides 



the fort into two 

 unequal portions, 

 the smaller one 

 embracing the 

 peninsula known 

 as the "Old Fort," 

 the other, known 

 as the "New Fort," 

 extending back 

 and eastward ly on 

 the plateau to a sec- 

 ond butwiderneck 

 of land. The total 

 area is estimated 

 at about 100 acres. 

 The wall, which is chiefly of earth, follows 

 closely the zigzag course of the bluff, ex- 

 cept where it crosses the level neck of land 

 in the rearof thefort. The work has been 

 often described and figured, the firstnotice 

 and plan being that given in the "Port- 

 folio" (1809), from which Atwater's plan 

 and description (Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc, 

 1, 1820) appear to have been in large part 

 copied. About 20 years later a survey 

 was made by Locke, whose description 

 and plat appear in Trans. Assn. Am. Geol- 

 ogists, I, 1843. Locke's plat was copied 

 by Squier and Davis, and is the one from 

 which niostsubsequent figures have been 

 taken; it is accurate in the main, but the 

 elementshavesomewhat changed thecon- 

 figuration in subsequent years, additional 

 ravines having been formed by water 

 breaking through the wall at certain 

 points. Evidences of wearing are ob- 

 servable at some of the ravines crossed by 

 the wall, and a few of the smaller gullies 

 appear to have lieen worn since the wall 

 was l)uilt, although in most cases the 

 adaptation of the wall to ihe slopes shows 



EMBANKMENT 



