BULL. 30] 



FRANCIS THE PROPHET FRENCH INFLUENCE 



475 



brought her to the fort, where she was 

 soon joined by her brother. Owing to his 

 service in saving his tribe from chastise- 

 ment by the mihtia, or to the rewards and 

 praise he received from the wliites, Fran- 

 cisco was chosen cliief. He grew over- 

 bearing, but remained friendly to the 

 whites. To this friendship his people 

 attributed the ill luck that befell them in 

 a raid that the river tribes undertook in 

 1857 against the Maricopa. The latter, 

 reenforced by the Papago, won the battle 

 at Maricopa wells, Ariz. Of 75 Yuma 

 warriors all were slain save 3, and when 

 the day turned against them they are be- 

 lieved to have killed the chief who led 

 them to disaster. ( f. h. ) 



Francis the Prophet. See JfiUis Hadjo. 



Frankstown. A village, probably of the 

 Delawares, which seems t(i have been 

 near the site of the present Frankstown, 

 Blair co.. Pa., in 1756. (j. m. ) 



Franckstown. — Pouchot map (1758) in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., X, 694, 1858. Franks Town.— Weiser 

 (1748) in Rupp, West. Pa., app. 13, 1846. Franks- 

 town.— Ibid., 20. 



Frauds. See Pseudo Indian. 



Frederiksdal. A Moravian missionary 

 station in s. Greenland, close to C. Fare- 

 well. 



Fredericstahl.— Kane, Arct. Explor., 1,453,1856. 



Frederikshaab. A missionary station in 

 8. w. Greenland. — Crantz, Hist. Green- 

 land, I, map, 1767. 



French Indians. A term used by early 

 English writers to designate the tribes in 

 the French interest, especially the Abnaki 

 and their congeners on the New England 

 frontier. 



French influence. The influence of the 

 French colonists on the Indians began 

 very early. The use of glass beads in 

 barter gave an impetus to the fur trade, 

 and the speedy introduction of other com- 

 modities of trade led to long-continued 

 associations with the Iroquoian tribes in 

 particular. The influence of the French 

 missionaries on many of the Indian tribes 

 was marked; for example, the Montagn- 

 ais and the Huron in the early days. 

 The supply of peltries was increased by 

 furnishing the Indians with firearms, 

 which enabled them to travel with im- 

 punity and gave them a superiority over 

 the neighboring tribes which they were 

 not slow to take advantage of; hence al- 

 most from the beginning the French set- 

 tlers and the government of New France 

 came into more or less sympathetic con- 

 tact with several tribes of the country. 

 This state of affairs arose both from the 

 peaceful efforts of the missionaries and 

 from the desire of the authorities to use 

 the aborigines as a bulwark against the 

 power of the English in North America. 

 To her alliances with the Algonquian 

 tribes of the great lakes and the region s. 

 and E. of them, including New France 



and Acadia, France owed in great part 

 her strength on this continent, while on 

 the other hand the confederacy of the 

 Iroquois, the natural enemies of the Al- 

 gonquian peoples, contributed largely to 

 her overthrow. The French character 

 impelled the colonists to see in the Indian 

 a fellow human being, and it is no wonder 

 that the greatest intermixture between 

 the Indian and fhe European, n. of the 

 Mexican boundary, is represented by the 

 mixed-bloods of Canada and the N. W. 

 and their descendants, who form no 

 small element in the population of these 

 regions of civilized America (see Mixed- 

 bloods). The French recognized the In- 

 dian's pride and prejudices, and won his 

 confidence by respecting his institutions 

 and often sharing in his ceremonies. 

 They ruled while seeming to yield. Least 

 of all did they despise the languages of 

 the aborigines, as the rich records of the 

 missionaries abundantly prove. The ex- 

 istence of a large number of nnxed-bloods 

 able to speak 1)oth their own tongue and 

 French was a distinct advantage to the 

 colonists. The relations between the 

 French and the Acadian Indians, as pic- 

 tured by Lescarbot, were, to use the word 

 of Friederici, "idyllic," though there is 

 doubtless some exaggeration in these old 

 accounts. 



Several words of French origin crept 

 very early into the eastern Algonquian 

 tongues, such as I\Iontagnais,Nascapi, and 

 Micmac,and later a corresj^onding French 

 element is to be found in the Algonquian 

 languages of the region beyond Montreal 

 (Chamberlain in Canad. Indian, Feb., 

 1891 ) . The Chippewa vocabulary ( Carver, 

 Trav., 421, 1778) contains the word Jca- 

 poteivian, 'coat,' which is the French 

 capote, with the Chippewa radical suffix 

 -ivaian, 'skin.' In a Missisauga vocabulary 

 of 1801 appears napanc, 'flour.' The 

 French honjonr! in the form boju! is now 

 the salutation in several Algonquian dia- 

 lects. From (/cs) anglais is supposed to 

 be derived the word for 'English' in a 

 number of these languages: Micmac 

 aglasedoo, Montagnais agaleshu, Nipis- 

 sing aganesha, formerly angalesha, Chip- 

 pewa shaganash, Cree akaydsiw, etc. An- 

 other example of French influence is the 

 contribution of Canadian French to the 

 Chinook jargon (q. v.). There is also a 

 French element in the modern tales and 

 legends of the Indians of the Canadian 

 Northwest and British Columbia, partly 

 due to missionary teaching, partly to the 

 campfires of the trappers, voyageurs, cou- 

 reurs de bois, etc. In tales of the n. Pacific 

 coast appears ' Shishe T16' (i. e., Jesus 

 Christ), and in some of those of Indians 

 on the E. side of the Rocky mts., 'Mani' 

 (i. e., the Virgin Mary). The French are 

 also the subject of many Indian stories 



