492 



GHUACLAHATCHE GIPUY 



[b. a. e. 



the dance spread to the tribes e. of the 

 mountains, where it became known com- 

 monly as the Spirit or Ghost dance. The 

 dancers, men and women together, held 

 hands, and moved slowly around in a 

 circle, facing toward the center, keeping 

 time to songs that were sung without any 

 instrumental accompaniment. Hypnotic 

 trances were a common feature of the 

 dance. Among the Sioux in Dakota the 

 excitement, aggravated by local griev- 

 ances, led to an outbreak in tlie winter of 

 1890-91. The principal events in this 

 connection were the killing of Sitting 

 Bull, Dec. 15, 1890, and the massacre at 

 Wounded Knee, Dec. 29. The doctrine 

 has nou' faded out, and the dance exists 

 only as an occasional social function. In 

 the Crow dance of the Cheyenne and 

 Arapaho, a later development from the 

 Ghost dance proper, the drum is used, 

 and many of the ordinary tribal dances 

 have incorporated (Thost-dance features, 

 including even the hypnotic trances. 



The belief in the coming of a messiah, 

 • or deliverer, who shall restore his people 

 to a condition of primitive simplicity and 

 happiness, is probably as universal as the 

 human race, and takes on special empha- 

 sis among peoples that have been long 

 subjected to alien domination. In some 

 cases the idea seems to have originated 

 from a myth, but in general it may safely 

 be assumed that it springs from a natural 

 human longing. Both the Quichua of 

 Peru and the Aztec of Mexico, as well 

 as more cultured races, had elaborate 

 messiah traditions, of which the first 

 Spanish invaders were quick to take ad- 

 vantage, representing themselves as the 

 long-expected restorers of ancient happi- 

 ness. Within the United States nearly 

 every great tribal movement originated 

 in the teaching of some messianic prophet. 

 This is notably true of the Pontiac con- 

 spiracy in 1763-64, and of the combination 

 organized by Tecumseh (q. v.) and his 

 brother, the prophet Tenskwatawa (q. v. ), 

 shortly before the War of 1812. Of similar 

 nature in more recent times is the doctrine 

 formulated on Columbia r. by Smohalla. 

 See Mooney, Ghost Dance Religion, 14th 

 Eep. B. A. E., pt. II, 1896. See Dance, 

 Mi/fliolo[/>/, Beligion. (j. M. ) 



Ghuaclahatche. A former Upper Creek 

 town on lower Tallapoosa r., Ala., be- 

 tween Kulumi and the Atasi towns. — 

 Bartram, Travels, 461, 1791. 



Giants. See Popular fallacies. 



Gidanemuk (or Gikidamim). A band of 

 Serranos (q. v. ) living on Tejon and neigh- 

 boring creeks in the Tehachapi mts., s. 

 Cal. The term is that which they apply 

 to themselves. (.\. l. k. ) 



Giguay. A former village, presumably 

 Costanoan, connected with San Juan Bau- 

 tista mission, Cal. — Engelhardt, Francis- 

 cans in Cal., 398, 1897. 



Gila Apache. The name Gila, or Xila, 

 was apparently originally that of an 

 Apache settlement w. of Socorro, in s. w. 

 New Mexico, and as early as 1680 was ap- 

 plied to those Apache residing for part of 

 the time on the extreme headwatersof the 

 Rio Gila in that territory, evidently em- 

 bracing those later known as Mimbrefios, 

 Mogollones, and Warm Springs (Chiri- 

 cahua) Apache, and later extended to 

 include the Apache living along the Gila 

 in Arizona. The latter were seemingly 

 the Arivaipa and Chiricahua, or a part of 

 them. There were about 4,000 Indians 

 under this name in 1853, when some of 

 their bands were gathered at Ft Wel)ster, 

 N. Mex., and induced by promise of sup- 

 plies for a number of years to settle down 

 and begin farming. They kept the peace 

 and made some progress in industry, but 

 were driven back to a life of pillage when 

 the supplies were stopped, the treaty not 

 having been confirmed. They are no 

 longer recognized under this name. The 

 term Gilenos has also been employed to 

 designate the Pima residing on the Gila 

 in Arizona. (f. w. h.) 



Apaches de Xila. — Benavides, Memorial, 53, 1630. 

 Apaches gileiios. — Garc(5s(1769) in Doc. Hist. Me.x., 

 4th s., II, 371, 1856. Apaches jilenos. — Escudero, 

 Notie. de Sonora y Sinaloa, 69, 18-19. Cilenos.— 

 Orozco y Berra, Geog., map, 1864. Gelinos.^Hamy 

 in Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris, 788, 1883. Gila 

 Apaches.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 436, 1853. Gilans.— 

 Hughes, Doniphan's Exped., 216, 1848. Gilas.— 

 Rivera, Diario y Derrotero, leg. 950, 1736. Gile- 

 fias.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 122, 1861. Gileno.— Adelung 

 and Vater, Mithridates, iii, 178, 1816. Gilenos. — 

 Arricivita (1791) quoted bv Banerol't, Ariz, and N. 

 Mex., 388, 1889. Gileiios Apaches.— Garct^s (1769) 

 in Doc. Hist. Mex., 4th s., ll, 375, 1856. Southern 

 Apache.— Ind. Aff. Rep. 1871, 191, 1872. Tjuiccu- 

 jen-ne. — Orozoo y Berra, Geog., 59, 1864. Tjusceu- 

 jen-ne. — Escudero, Notic. Estad. de Chihuahua, 

 212, 1834 (native name). Xilenos. — Rudo Ensayo 

 {ca. 1763), Smith ed., 20, 1863. Xilenos.— Alegre, 

 Hist. Comp. Jesus, l, 336, 1841. Yabipais Gileiios. — 

 Garc6s (1776), Diary, 452, 1900. 



Gilak. A Magemiut settlement near 

 C. Romanzoff, Alaska; pop. 22 in 1890. 



Gilakhamiut.— 11th Census, Alaska, 111, 1893. 



Gilimis. A former village, said to have 

 been Esselen, connected with San Carlos 

 mission, Cal. — Tavlor in Cal. Farmer, 

 Apr. 20, 1860. 



Gimiels. A band of almost pure Yuma 

 in N. Lower California (Tavlor in Browne, 

 Res. Pac. Slope, app., 53-54, 1869). Per- 

 haps the Coinei/a. 



Gipuy. A village occupied by the an- 

 cestors of the present Queres of Santo Do- 

 mingo pueblo, Ij m. e. of Thornton, on 

 the brink of Arroyo de Galisteo, n. cen- 

 tral N. Mex. In consequence of a flood 

 which destroyed a portion of the pueblo, 

 Gipuy was abandoned prior to 1591, and 

 another village bearing the same name 

 was built 4 m. w., nearly on the site of 

 the present Santo Domingo. It was the 

 latter Gipuy that was visited and named 

 Santo Domingo (q. v.) by Castano de 

 Sosa in 1591; but after 1605 this pueblo 

 waa also destroyed by a freshet, the in- 



