BULL. 30] 



GOLD 



495 



in part of Cayuga and in part of adopted 

 captives from the Hurons, the Conestoga, 

 and tlie Neutral Nation. This town or 

 ' Bourg d'Oiogouen,' in 1668, according to 

 the Jesuit Eelation for 1669, contained 

 more than 2,000 souls and could muster 

 more than 300 warriors. While the Ca- 

 yuga were proud-spirited, the missiona- 

 ries found them more tractable and less 

 fierce than were the Onondaga and the 

 Oneida. At this town Father de Carheil 

 dedicated the mission of St Joseph on 

 Nov. 9, 1668, and 7 days later witnessed 

 the horrible spectacle of the burning and 

 the eating of a captive Conestoga woman. 

 Archeologic evidence indicates, what is 

 usual in regard to the permanency of In- 

 dian village sites, that this town has been 

 removed from site to site within a radius 

 of 10 miles or more. 



In 1779 Gen. Sullivan's army found 

 three places named Cayuga; namely, (1) 

 Cayuga Castle, containing about 15 very 

 large houses of squared logs, superior to 

 any thingseenbeforeamong these Indians; 

 the troops destroyed here 1 lO acres of corn ; 

 (2) Upper Cayuga, containing 14 houses, 

 situated about 1 m. s. of the Castle; (3) 

 East Cayuga, 'Old Town,' containing 

 about 13 houses, situated about 1 m. n. e. 

 from the Castle. In these towns the 

 troops found apples, peaches, potatoes, 

 turnips, onions, pumpkins, squashes, 

 cucumbers, watermelons, and vegetables 

 of various kinds in great abundance. 

 These with other hamlets of the Cayuga 

 were burned and the fruit and vegetables 

 destroyed by the troops, Sept. 23-24, 

 1779. (j. N. B. H. ) 



Caiougo.— N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., index, 18G1. Ca- 

 jouge.— Doc.ofl687, ibid., Ill, 446, 1853. Cayauge.— 

 Ibid., 480. Cayuga.— Proc. at Johnson Hall {17(;5), 

 ibid., VII, 737, 1856. Gajuka. — Beauchamp, Hist. 

 N. Y. Iroquois, 162, 1905. Ga'-u-gwa. — Morgan, 

 League Iroq., 159, 1851. Goiogouen. — Jes. Rel. 

 1668-69, Thwaites ed., Lii, 181, 1899. Goiogouin,— 

 Ibid., 1673-74, LVlll, 225, 1899. Goiogwen.— Ibid., 

 1696, LXV, 25, 1900. GoiogSen.— Ibid., 24. Goyo- 

 gouh. — Cusick, Sketches, 19, 1828. Goyogouin.— 

 Jes. Rel., index, 1858. Gue-u-gweh. — Morgan, 

 League Iroq., 51, 65, 1851. Gweugweh.— Ibid., 170. 

 Mission de St Joseph.— Jes. Rel., 1670, 63, 1858. 

 Oigoien. — Jes. Rel., Thwaites ed., index, l.xxiii, 

 1901. Oiogoen.— Ibid. ,1656-57, xi.iil, 185, 1899. Oio- 

 goien.— Ibid., 1655-56, XLll, 99, 1899. Oiogouan.— 

 Ibid., 16.=i6-.57, XLlll, 167, 1899. Oiogouen.— Ibid., 

 1600-61, XLVll, 81, 1899. Oiogouin.— Ibid., 1673-77, 

 Lix, 77, 1900. Oioguen.— Ibid., 1659-61, XLVI, 181, 

 1899. Oiogwen.— Ibid., 1066-67, L, 197, 1899. 

 OiogSen.- Ibid.. 106. Ojogovien.— Ibid., 1668-69. LII, 

 172,1899. Oneyote.-;Jes. Rel., index, 18.58. Oni- 

 oen. — Ibid. Onneiote. — Ibid'., 16.53, 18 (given as 

 the chief ' bourg' or capital of the Onionenhron- 

 nons, but probably a mistake forOnnontare,q. v.). 

 Ouioen. — Ibid., inde.x. Ouoguens. — Jes. Rel., 1676- 

 77, Thwaites ed., lx, 173, 1900. 



Gold. Although gold in the form of 

 nuggets occurs in more than one section 

 of the continent N. of ]\Iexico, the tribes 

 in general were practically without knowl- 

 edge of its use. In a few cases objects of 

 gold have been obtained from mounds in 

 the Ohio valley, notably in the Turner 

 group, Hamilton co., Ohio, where a small 



From a mound; 



ORANGE Co., 



Florida, 

 (kunz) 



copper pendant was found retaining traces 

 of a thin plating of gold, and bits of the 

 filmy sheet were also found in the debris 

 (Putnam). This plating with thin sheet 

 gold is suggestive of well-known Mexican 

 work, and along with other ev- 

 idence obtained from mounds 

 in Ross CO., Ohio, tends to 

 strengthen the belief that the 

 mound-builders of this region 

 had more or less indirect in- 

 tercourse with the people of 

 central Mexico. Some rudely 

 shaped and perforated gold 

 beads were found in one of the 

 Etowah mounds in Georgia 

 (Jones), and finds of slight 

 importance are reported from 

 other localities. 



The most interesting objects 

 of gold found in connection 

 with native remains come 

 from Florida, and several of these have 

 been published by Kunz. One of the 

 specimens described was obtained from 

 a mound in Orange co. — a flat rectangular 

 pendant notched at the upper end for the 

 attachment of a cord. It was 

 associated with a human skel- 

 eton, and had been worn as a 

 pendant in connection with a 

 necklace of glass beads. Its 

 weight is 7n^ dwts. A second 

 specimen is a pendant orna- 

 ment 2| in. in length and 

 nearly 1 in. wide, and weigh- 

 ing 61 J dwts. It is convex on 

 one face and fiat on the other, 

 and is grooved at the upper 

 end for the attachment of a 

 cord. A third specimen is a 

 disk of thin sheet gold, 3^ in. 

 in diameter and weighing 19 dwts., with 

 repous.«e embellishment about the edge 

 and a circular boss at the center. It was 

 found in a mound in Orange co. , and in ap- 

 pearance closely resembles gold ornaments 

 found in large 

 numbers in the 

 Isthmian region. 

 A fourth specimen, 

 also from anOrange 

 co.mound,isaplain 

 disk of thin metal 

 nearly 2^ in. in di- 

 ameter and having 

 a central perfora- 

 tion. A very in- 

 teresting object of 

 gold, or rather of 

 gold-silver alloy, 

 w^as obtained from a mound in Manatee 

 CO. , s. Fla. , and is described by Ran. It is 

 cut from a piece of thin gold plate, and 

 graphically represents the head of a 

 crested bird, probably theivory-bill wood- 

 pecker, the neck being prolonged in a 



GOUD ORNAMEN 



from a moun[ 

 Sum t e r Co 



(kunz) 



WENT From a mound; 

 GE CO., Florida, (kunz) 



k 



