BULL. 30] 



GOT GOURDS 



497 



miserable looking set of human beings I 

 ever beheld. I gave them some clothing 

 and provisions. They have heretofore 

 subsisted principally on snakes, lizards, 

 roots, etc." Writing in 1861, Burton 

 (City of Saints, 475, 1862) says: "Gosh 

 Yuta, or Gosha Ute, is a small band, once 

 proteges of the Shoshonee, who have the 

 same language and limits. Their princi- 

 pal chief died about 5 years ago, when 

 the tril)e was broken up. A body of 60, 

 under a peaceful leader, were settled 

 permanently on the Indian farm at 

 Deep cr., and the remainder wandered 40 

 to 200 m. w. of Great Salt Lake City. 

 During the late tumults they have lost 

 50 warriors, and are now reduced to 

 about 200 men. Like the Ghuzw of 

 Arabia, they strengthen themselves by 

 admitting the outcasts of other tribes, and 

 will presently become a mere lianditti." 

 The agent in 1866 said they "are peace- 

 able and loyal, striving to obtain their 

 own living by tilling the soil and laboring 

 for the whites whenever an opportunity 

 presents, and producing almost entirely 

 their own living." In 1868 the superin- 

 tendent at Utah agency wrote of them: 

 "These Indians range between the Great 

 Salt lake and the land of the western Sho- 

 shones. Many of them are cjuite indus- 

 trious, maintaining themselves in good 

 part by herding stock and other labor for 

 the settlers." It appears that later they 

 cultivated land to some extent, being scat- 

 tered over the country in spots where 

 springs and streams afforded arable land. 

 It is asserted by some authors that they 

 are a mixture of Shoshoni and Ute. Their 

 language indicates a closer relationship 

 with the Shoshoni proper than with the 

 Ute and Paiute, though they affiliate 

 chiefly with the latter and have largely 

 intermarried with them. According to 

 Powell they numbered 460 in 1873; in 

 1885 they were said to number 256. 



The followingare divisionsor subtribes: 

 Pagayuats, Pierruiats, Torountogoats, 

 Tuwurints, and Unkagarits. 

 Go-sha-utes.— Forney in Ind. Aff. Rep., 212, 

 1S58. Goshee Utes.— Hatch in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1863, 

 116, 1861. Goshen Utes.— Head, ibid., 1867, 174, 

 1868. Goship.— Ibid. ,349, 1866. Goship Shoshones.— 

 Sen. Misc. Doc. 136, 41st Cong., 2d sess., 21, 1870. 

 Go-ship-TJtes,— Simpson (1859), Rep. of Explor. 

 across Utah, 36, 1876 (so named from Goship, 

 theirchief ). Goshiss.— U.S. Statutes, .\iii, 177, 1866. 

 Goshoots.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 26, 1863. 

 Go-shutes. — Simpson, op. cit., 36. Gosh Yuta. — 

 Burton, Citvof Saints, 47.1,1862. Go-si TJtes.— Powell 

 in H. R. Misc. Doc. 86, 43d Cong., 1st sess., 6, 1874. 

 Gos-ta Utes.— Huntington (1857) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 

 29, 37th Cong., 2d sess., 85, 1862. Kusi-tJtahs.— 

 Remv and Brenchley, Journ. to Great Salt Lalie, 

 U, 412, 1,S61. 



Got ( (jot, ' eagle ' ) . One of the two great 

 exogamic phratries or clans of the Haida. 

 A synonym for the term was Gitins, the 

 meaning of which is uncertain. The 

 Masset dialect made these ^vt and Gituns, 

 respectively. (j. e. s. ) 



Stone Gouge 



Got.- Swanton, Cont. Haida, passim, 1905. 

 Koot.— Dawson, Queen Charlotte Ids., 134b., 1880. 



Gouges. Stone implements resembling 

 celts or adzes, with one face hollowed out, 

 giving a curved edge. Early writers 

 speak of their use 

 as spiles, in some 

 sections, for tap- 

 ping sugar-maple 

 trees, the sap run- 

 ning through the 

 groove into the ves- 

 sel placed beneath. 

 Examples grooved 

 forhaftingare rare. 

 Held in the hand 

 and struck with a 

 mallet, or hafted 

 after the manner of 

 a hoe or an adz, 

 they would be serv- 

 iceable for hollow- 

 ing out wooden ca- 

 noes, troughs, mor- 

 tars, and other ve.s- 

 sels, especially in 

 connection with 

 charring. The dis- 

 tribution of these 

 implements does not favor the theory of 

 their use in making canoes, as they are most 

 numerous in the N. where these vessels 

 were mostly of birch-bark, and are rare 

 in the S. where the dugout was the pre- 

 vailing craft. The gouge is of somewhat 

 rare occurrence w. of the Alleghanies. 

 See Adzes, Celts. 



Consult Abbott, Prim. Indus., 1881; 

 Fowkein 13th Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Moore- 

 head, Prehist. Impl., 1900; Rau, Archseol. 

 Coll. Nat. Mus., 1876. (g. f.) 



Gourds. The shells of gourds were em- 

 ployed by the Indians for storage and car- 

 rying, as water jugs, dippers, spoons, and 

 dishes, and for mixing bowls, pottery 

 smoothers, rattles, sounders for the rasp- 

 ing stick, roof-drains, masks, parts of orna- 

 ments, and other purposes, and the flowers 

 were used as food, coloring material, and 

 in ceremonies. A number of species and 

 varieties were commonly raised, produc- 

 ing fruit of different shapes and sizes — 

 globose, lenticular, pyriform,and tubular, 

 with necks of varying length and curve, 

 or without necks, but all of value for the 

 general or special purpose for which they 

 were selectively grown. Gourds were 

 sometimes shaped by pressure or ban- 

 daging whilegrowing. Wild species were 

 eaten green, or were used as medicine, 

 Ijut these were rarely made into utensils, 

 while the larger and varied gourds, which 

 were early distributed, like corn, from 

 regions to the S. or derived during the his- 

 toric period from the Old World, adapted 

 themselves more fully to Indian needs. 

 Aside from their use as domestic utensils 



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