BULL. 30] 



GRAY VILLAGE GRIGRAS 



507 



vault had been sunk. This vault con- 

 tained two human skeletons, the upper 

 vault but one. Accompanying the skele- 

 tons were 3,000 to 4,000 shell beads, orna- 

 ments of mica, several copper bracelets, 

 and various articles of stone, including 

 the inscribed stone mentioned, the in- 

 scription on which hag received various 

 interpretations. An illustration of this 

 inscription was first published in the Cin- 

 cinnati Chronicle, Feb. 2, 1839; another 

 in the American Pioneer, ii, no. 5, 1843. 

 Rafn, whose tendency was to give a for- 

 eign interpretation to Indian inscriptions, 

 inclined to the opinion that the inscribed 

 characters were Anglo-Saxon runes, while 

 Schoolcraft concluded that they belonged 

 to some 8 or 9 different alphabets, as old 

 Greek, Etruscan, etc. A committee of 

 the Ohio Archaeological and Historical 

 Society in 1877 reached the following con- 

 clusions: "1. The inscription is not nec- 

 essarily to be regarded as alphabetical. 

 2. If it is assumed to be alphabetical, it 

 can not be referred to any known lan- 

 guage. 3. It is precisely of such a char- 

 acter as would be the result of an ordinary 

 attempt to manufacture an inscription. 

 4. Its manufacture is within the capacity 

 of any laborer of ordinary intelligence 

 who may have been employed in the work 

 of exploring the mound. 5. At the time 

 of its discovery there was no proper 

 scrutiny of the inscription to determine 

 whether it was of recent manufacture or 

 not. 6. The evidence that it came from 

 the mound is by no means conclusive. 

 7. Its history is such that the subsequent 

 discovery of unquestioned ancient inscrip- 

 tions with similar characters would war- 

 rant us in concluding that this also is 

 ancient. 8. Until its authenticity is thus 

 fully established, it ought not to be re- 

 garded as any evidence of the character, 

 ethnical relationship, or intellectual cul- 

 ture of the builders of the mounds." 

 Whittlesey, in 1872, expressed the belief 

 that the inscription was a forgery. 



Consult Clemens in Morton, Crania 

 Americana, 221, 1839; Schoolcraft in 

 Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, i, 369-420, 1846; 

 Squier and Davis, Anc. Monuments, 168- 

 170, 1848; Thomas (1) in 5th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 51, 1887; (2) Cat. Prehistoric Works, 

 222, 1891, with bibliographic references; 

 Whittlesey in Tracts West. Res. Hist. 

 Soc, I, nos. 9 and 33, 1877, and ii, no. 44, 

 1888. (c. T.) 



Gray Village. A former Natchez vil- 

 lage. 



Grays. — Dumont in French, Hist. Coll. La., v, 49, 

 1853. GrayVillage.— Ibid., 48. 



Greasy Faces. A band of the Arapaho, 

 q. V. 



Great Island Village, A former settle- 

 ment, probably of the Delawares, on the 

 Susquehanna opposite the present Lock 



Haven, Clinton co.. Pa. — Royce in 18th 

 Rep. B. A. E., Pa. map, 1899. 



Great Mortar (Yayatustenuggee). A 

 Creek chief; an ally of the French in 

 the Seven Years' war. When the Eng- 

 lish superintendent of Indian affairs called 

 a council of the Creeks with the object of 

 winning them over, he refused the pipe of 

 peace to Great Mortar because the chief 

 had favored the French, and the latter 

 withdrew with his followers, confirmed in 

 his hostility to the British. He received 

 a commission from the French, and after 

 killing or driving out the English traders 

 and settlers took up a position on the 

 border, where he could raid the Georgia 

 settlements, obtaining his arms and sup- 

 plies from the French fort on Alaljama r. 

 Many Creeks and Cherokee joined him 

 there until the Chickasaw surprised the 

 camp and put his warriors to flight. He 

 settled at another place whence he could 

 resume his depredations and continued to 

 ravage the scattered settlements, includ- 

 ing Augusta, Ga. In 1761 Col. James 

 Grant, at the head of 2,600 Americans and 

 friendly Indians, brought all the hostiles 

 to terms, and a peace was made which 

 fixed the watershed of the Allegheny 

 mts. as the boundary between the British 

 colonies and the lands of the natives. — 

 Drake, Aborig. Races, 384, 1880. 



Great Spirit. See Popular fallacies, Re- 

 ligion. 



Great Sun. See Grand Soleil. 



Green-corn dance. See Busk. 



Greentown. A former Delaware village 

 on the Black fork of Mohican r., near the 

 boundarv of Richland and Ashland cos., 

 Ohio. See Treatv of Maumee Rapids (1819) 

 in U. S. Ind. Treat., 204, 1873; Royce in 

 18th Rep. B. A. E., Ohio map, 1899. 



Greeting. See Salutation. 



Grenadier Squaw's Town. A Shawnee 

 village situated in 1774 on Scippo cr., Pick- 

 away co., Ohio. The name was derived 

 from Grenadier Squaw, a sister of Corn- 

 stalk, the Shawnee chief, who made this 

 her home. (j. m.) 



Grenadier Squaws T. — Howe, Hist. Coll. Ohio, 

 II, 402, 1896. Squaw Town.— Royce in 18th Rep. 

 B. A. E., Ohio map, 1899. 



Grey Eagle Band. One of the Dakota 



bands below L. Traverse, Minn. (Ind. Aff. 

 Rep. 1859, 102, 1860), evidently taking 

 its name from the chief; not identified. 



Grigras. A French nickname and the 

 only known name of a small tribe already 

 incorporated with the Natchez confed- 

 eracy in 1720; it was applied because of the 

 frequent occurrence oigrigra in their lan- 

 guage. There is uncertainty in regard to 

 the language and ethnic relations, but 

 unless affiliated with the Tonica, the tribe 

 was evidently distinct from every other, 

 since, as indicated by the sound grigra, 

 their language possessed an r. 



