526 



HAIRWORK HALF KING 



[ B. A. E. 



f-tick served for parting it and painting 

 the line. These sticky were often carefully 

 wrought, ornamented with embroidery 

 on the handle, and kept in an embroid- 

 ered ca.^e. Perfumes, as well as oils, were 

 used, and wisps of sweet-grass were con- 

 cealed in tlie hair of young men to add to 

 their attractions. The Pima and Papago 

 paint or stain the hair when it Ijecomes 

 bleached by the sun (Hrdlicka in Am. 

 Anthrop., viii, no. 1, 1906), and the for- 

 mer, as well as other tribes of the arid 

 region, often coated the hair completely 

 with river mud to destroy vermin. 



Early French travelers in Texas and 

 other Soutiiern states mention a custom 

 of the hostess to hasten to wash the head 

 of a visitor with warm water, as a sign of 

 good will and welcome. Among the 

 Pueblo Indians the washing of the hair 

 with the pounded root of the yucca plant 

 prior to a religious rite was attended with 

 much ceremony, and seems to corre- 

 spond to the purification observances of 

 the sweat lodge, which always i)receded 

 sacred rites among the tribes of the 

 plains. See Adornment. (a. c. f. ) 



Hairwork. One of the most useful 

 materials known to the Indians of the 

 United States was hair, which, as a textile 

 material, was generally more available 

 than vegetal fibers. Hair was obtained 

 from the dog, buffalo, mountain sheep, 

 mountain goat, moose, deer, reindeer, elk, 

 antelojie, opossum, rabbit, beaver, otter, 

 lynx, and other animals, and human hair 

 was also sometimes employed. 



In more modern times horsehair was 

 used to stuff balls, drumsticks, dolls, pads, 

 pillows, etc., and tufts of it, frequently 

 dyed, were attached as ornaments to cos- 

 tumes, pouches, harness, ceremonial ob- 

 jects, etc. False hair was worn by the 

 Crows, Assiniboin, Mandan, Mohave, and 

 Yuma; and ceremonial wigs of black wool 

 and bangs of natural or dyed hair, es- 

 pecially horsehair, were made by the 

 Pueblos. Twisted or sometimes braidetl 

 into cord, hair had a most extensive use, 

 satisfying tiie multifarious demands for 

 string or rope of great tensile strength, 

 and was combined with other fibers in 

 the warp or weft of textiles and basketry. 

 According to Grinnell cowskin pads 

 stuffed with the hair of elk, antelope, 

 buffalo, or mountain sheep were com- 

 monly used instead of saddles by some of 

 the Plains tribes in running buffalo and 

 in war. Pxiurke (9th Rep. B. A. E., 474, 

 1892) says that mantles made of votive 

 hair are mentioned as having been in use 

 among the Lower California or southern 

 California tribes in the 18th century, and 

 quotes Parkman (Jesuits in North Amer- 

 ica, Ixxxiv, 18H7) to the effect that the 

 Algoncjuians lielieved in a female nianito 

 who wore a robe made of the hair of her 



victims, for she caused death. See Adorn- 

 ment, Fenthericork, Hair dressing, Quill- 

 work. Consult Holmes in 13th Rep. B. 

 A. E., 25, 37, 1896. (w. h.) 



Haisla (Xa-isld). One of the three 

 Kwakiutl dialectic divisions, embracing 

 theKitamat (Haisla proper) and the Kit- 

 lojie.— Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus., 328, 1895. 



Haiwal ('acorn'). A clan of the Ton- 

 kawa. (a. s. g.) 



Hakan. The Fire clans of the Keresan 

 pueblos of Acoma, Cochiti, Santa Ana, 

 Sia, and San Felipe, N. Mex. That of 

 Acoma is now extinct. 



Haka-hanoq'i'. — Hodge in Am. Anthrop., IX, 

 350, 1S96 (.\coma form: /iaMO(/f/» = 'people'). 

 Hakan-hano. — Ibid. (Santa Ana and Sia form). 

 Ha'-kan-ni. — Stevenson in 11th I\ep. B. A. E., 

 19, 1S9-1 (Sia form). Hakanyi-hano.— Hodge, op. 

 cit. (San Felipe form). Hakanyi-hanuch.— Ibid. 

 (Cochiti form.) 



Hakkyaiwal {Hdk-kydV-vM). A Ya- 

 quina village on the s. side of Yaquina r., 

 Oreg. — Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, 

 in, 229, 1890.' 



Hakouchirmiou (probably misprint for 

 Hakouchiriniou). Mentioned by Dobbs 

 (Hudson Bay, 23, 1744), as a tribe, on or 

 near Bourbon (Nelson) r., Brit. Am., at 

 war with the Maskegon. Possibly a di- 

 vision of the Cree or of the Assiniboin. 



Halant. A Shuswap village 3 m. below 

 Shuswai^ lake, Brit. Col.; pop. 152 in 

 1904. 



Halant.— Can. Ind. Aflf., 244, 1902. Ha-la-ut.— 

 Ibid., 196, 188.'>. Kell-aout. — Ibid., 188, 1884. 

 Naskantlines. — Ibid.,7.S, 1!S78. Neskainlith. — Ibid., 

 I)t. H. tis, 1902. Niskahnuith.— Ibid.. 2.'i9, 1882. 

 Niskainlith. — Ibid., mtip, 1S91. South Thompson. — 

 Ibid. 



Halchis. A former village, presumably 

 Costanoan, connected with Dolores mis- 

 sion, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Half Breed Band. Mentioned by Cul- 

 bertson (Smithson. Rep. 1850, 143, 1851) 

 as a local band of the Cheyenne (q. v. ) in 

 1850, proI)ably named from a chief; or 

 perhaps the Sutaio. 



Half-breeds. See Metis, Mijced-bloods. 



Half King (Scruniyatha, Serimiyattha, 

 Tanacharison, Tannghrishon, etc.). A 

 Seneca chief; born about 1700; died at the 

 house of John Harris, at the site of Har- 

 risburg. Pa., Oct. 1, 1754. He appears to 

 have first come into notice about 1748, at 

 which time he lived at or in the vicinity 

 of Logstown, Pa. (q. v.). According to 

 some statements his residence was in this 

 village, but according to others it was on 

 Little Beaver cr., about 15 ni. distant. It 

 was to Half King that most of the official 

 visitors to the Indians of the Ohio region, 

 including Weiser, (iist, Croghan, and 

 Washington, applied for information, ad- 

 vice, and assistance, Logstown being their 

 stopping place for this purpo.se. He ac- 

 companieil Washington both on hi:^ jour- 

 ney of 1753 and on his expedition of 1754. 



