BULL. 30] 



HALF KING HALONA 



527 



Half King claimed that he killed Junion- 

 ville, the French officer, during the skir- 

 mish at Great INIeadovvs, Pa., May 28, 

 1754, in revenge of the French, who, he 

 declared, had killed, boiled, and eaten 

 his father; and it was he who had advised 

 Ensign Ward, when sunmioned by Con- 

 tract cur, the French officer, to surrender 

 Ft Necessity, at the site of Pittsburg, Pa., 

 to reply that his rank did not invest him 

 with i)Ower to do so, thus obtaining de- 

 lay. Half King was a prominent figure 

 on the Indian side in the treaty with the 

 Virginia commissioners in 1752, and for 

 this and other services was decorated by 

 Gov. Dinwiddie and given the honorary 

 name "Dinwiddie," which, it is said, he 

 adopted with pride. On the advice of 

 Croghan, he with other Indians removed 

 to Aughquick (Oquaga) cr., Pa., in 1754. 

 Half King has been confused with the 

 Huron Half King of Sandusky, Ohio, 

 known also as Pomoacan, al.so with Scho- 

 royady (Scarouady, etc.), the Oneida 

 Half King, and with Monakatuatha (Mo- 

 nacatootha, etc.). See Drake, Aborig. 

 Races, 531, 1880; Rupp, Hist. West. Pa^, 

 71, 1846; Dinwiddie Papers, i, 148, 1883; 

 Col. Records Pa., v, 358, 1851. (c. t. ) 



Half King (Petavvontakas, Dunquad, 

 Dunquat, Daunghquat; Delaware name, 

 Pomoacan). A Huron chief of Sandusky, 

 Ohio, who flourished during the latter 

 part of the Revolutionary war. Under 

 employment by the British he aided the 

 Delawares in their resistance to the en- 

 croachment of the white settlements 

 beyond the Allegheny mts., and it was 

 through his intervention that the Mora- 

 vians of Lichtenau were saved from mas- 

 sacre by the Indians in 1777. According 

 to Losk'el (Missions United Brethren, 

 pt. 3, 127, 1794) he was joined by a large 

 number of warriors, including Hurons, 

 Ottawa, Chippewa, Shawnee, and others, 

 besides some French, and his influence 

 as a disciplinarian was such that he kept 

 this mixed assemblage in good order, per- 

 mitting no extravagance on tiieir part. 

 Sometimes more than 200 warriors lay all 

 nightclose to Lichtenau, but they behaved 

 so quietly that they were hardly per- 

 ceived. Loskiel also says that Half King 

 "was particularly attentive to prevent all 

 drunkenness, knowing that bloodshed 

 and murder would immediately follow." 

 He insisted on the removal of the Chris- 

 tian Indians from the vicinity of San- 

 dusky, Itelieving it to be unsafe for them 

 to remain there; he also protected the 

 Moravians and their converts from mal- 

 treatment when the missionaries were 

 sent to Detroit. Under the name Daungh- 

 ([uat he signed the treaty of Ft Mcintosh, 

 Ohio, Jan. 21, 1785. The treaties of 

 Greenville, Ohio, Aug. 3, 1795; Ft Mc- 

 intosh, July 4, 1805; Greenville, July 



22, 1814, and Spring Wells, Sept. 8, 1815, 

 were signed l)y Haroenyou (Harrowen- 

 you), his son, not by himself; but the 

 name "Dunquad or Half King" is ap- 

 pended to the treatv of ^liami Rapids, 

 Ohio, Sept. 29, 1817.' (c. t. ) 



Halfway Town. A former Cherokee 

 settlement on Little Tennessee r., about 

 halfway between Sitiku and Chilliowee, 

 about the boundary of the present IMon- 

 roe and Loudon cos., e. Term. — Timber- 

 lake, Mem., map, 1765. 



Halkaiktenok (Ha'b^iix'tenox, 'killer 

 whale'). A division of the Bellabella. — 

 Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus., 328, 1895. 



Halona {IL'tloiia Fthvana, 'middle 

 place of happy fortune', 'middle ant-hill 

 of the world', 'the ant-hill at the navel 

 of the Earth Mother.' — Cushing). A 

 former pueblo of the Zuni and one of the 

 Seven Cities of Cibola of the early Span- 

 ish chroniclers, said to have been situated 

 on both sides of Zuni r., on and opposite 

 the site of the present Zuili pueblo, w. 

 N. IVIex. Only the mound on the s. 

 side of the stream is now traceable, and 

 a part of this is occupied by modern build- 

 ings erected by white people. While 

 there seems to be no cjuestion that Ha- 

 lona was inhabited by the Zuni at the 

 time of Coronado in 1540, it was not men- 

 tioned by name until Nov. 9, 1598, when 

 the Zuni made a vow of obedience and 

 vassalage to Spain at Hawikuh, Halona 

 being designated as Halonagu [Ilalona- 

 kwin, ' Halona-plai'e' ) . A Franciscan mis- 

 sion was established there in 1629, but 

 the murder by the Zniii of their mis- 

 sionary in 1632 impelled the Indians to flee 

 for protection to Thunder mtn., a mesa 

 3 m. away, where they remained for about 

 3 years. The mission was rehabilitated 

 some time after 1643, and continued until 

 the Pueblo outbreak of Aug., 1680, when 

 the Zuni munlered Fray Juan de Bal, 

 the Halona missionary, and l)urned the 

 church. The Zuni again fled to Thunder 

 mtn., where they remained until after 

 the reconquest by Diego de Vargas in 

 1692. Meanwhile the pueblos in the val- 

 ley, including Halona, had fallen in 

 decay, and none of them was rebuilt. The 

 present village of Zuni was reared on the 

 N. bank of Zuiii r., partly on the site of 

 Halona, about the close of the 17th cen- 

 tury. The population of Halona at the 

 time of the revolt of 1680 was about 1,500, 

 and Matsaki and Kiakima were visitas of 

 its mission. See Bancroft, Ariz, and N. 

 Mex., 1889; Bandelier (1) Doc. Hist. 

 Zuni Tribe, in Jour. Am. FAh. and Arch., 

 Ill, 1892, (2) in Arch. Inst. Papers, iii, iv, 

 1890-92; Cushing, Zuni Creation ]Mvths, 

 13th Rep. B. A. E., 1896; Vetancurt in 

 Teatro Am., repr. 1871. (v. w. u.) 



Alauna.— .lefferys, Am. Atlas, map no. .S, 1776- 

 Alena.— Bowles, map Am., 17.S4. Aloma.— Vargas 



