BULL. 301 



HAMMONASSET HAMPTON INSTITUTE 



529 



stick or withe bent around the body of 

 the ini]>]einent, which was sometimes 

 grooved for the purpose. The fastening 

 was made secure by the appUcation of 

 thongs or rawhide coverings. In the 

 fiint quarries and copper mines great 

 numbers of hammers or sledges were re- 

 quired; indeed, it may l)e said that in and 



abi )ut the 

 a n c i e n t 

 c o \) p e r 

 mines of 

 McCar- 

 golscove, 

 Isle Roy- 

 ale, Mich., there are to be seen tens of 

 thousands of wornout and al)andoned 

 sledge heads. In an ancient paint mine 

 in Missouri, recently exposed by the open- 

 ing of an iron mine, upward of 1,200 rude 

 stone sledges were thrown out by the 

 workmen. Heavy grooved and hafted 

 hammers, resembling somewhat the min- 

 ing sledges, though much more highly 

 specialized, were in general use among 

 the tribes of 

 the great plains 

 and served an 

 important pur- 

 pose in break- 

 i n g up the 

 bones of large 

 game animals, 

 in pounding 

 p e ni m i c a n , 

 flint, and seeds, in driving tipi pegs, etc. 

 A lighter hammer, usually referred to 

 as a war-club, was and is in common use 

 among the western tribes. It is a glob- 

 ular or doubly conical stone, carefully 

 finished and often grooved, the haft being 

 strengthened by binding with rawhide. 

 Closely allied to this weapon is a kind of 

 slung hammer, the roundish stone being 



Grooved Stone 



HAMMEHS. 

 b, DAKOTA 



^ h Id in place at the end of the 

 handle by a covering of raw- 

 Vil W ''"'^' that extends the full 

 length of the haft. These are 

 verj effectual nnplements, and decked 

 with streamers of horsehair and other 

 ornaments have been devoted, at least 

 in recent years, to ceremony and show. 

 Heavy hammers, of ten tastefully carved, 

 were and are used by the tribes of the 

 N. W. fordriving wedges in splitting wood, 

 for driving piles, and for other heavy 

 work; they are usually called mauls, or 

 pile-drivers. Many of the larger sjieci- 

 mens have handles or finger holes carved 



Bull. 30—05 34 



in the stone, while others are provided 

 with handles of wood. The Eskimo also 

 have hannners for various purposes, made 

 of stone, bone, and ivory, with haftings 

 ingeniously attached. 



The literature of this topic is volumi- 

 nous, but much scattered, referencesto the 

 various kinds of hammers occurring in 

 nearly all works dealing with the arche- 

 ology and ethnology of n. America. For 

 an extended article on the stone hammer, 

 see ^IcGuire in Am. Anthropologist, iv, 

 no. 4, 1S91. (w. H. H.) 



Hammonasset. A small band, headed 

 by a chief named Sebequanash ('the 

 man who weeps'), formerly living about 

 Hammonasset r., near Guilford, Middle- 

 sex CO., Conn. They were ])robably a 

 part of the Quinnipiac. — De Forest, Hist. 

 Inds. Conn., 52, 1853. 



Hamnulik. A former Aleut village on 

 Agattu id., Alaska, one of the Near id. 

 group of the Aleutians, now uninhabited. 



Hampasawan ('tented village,' from 

 hampoiie, 'tent'). A former Zuni pueblo, 

 the ruins of which are still visible 6 m. w. 

 of the present Zuni, Valencia co., N. Mex. 

 Regarded by Cushing as probably one of 

 the seven cities of Cibola. See Minde- 

 leff in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 83, 1891, and the 

 authors cited below. 



Hainpassawan. — ten Kate, Reizen in X. A., 291, 

 18S5 (after Cushing; misprint). Hampasawan. — 

 Cushing, Zuni Folk Tales, 6, 1901. Ham-pas-sa- 

 wan. — Cushing in ]Millstone, ix, 65, 1,SS4. Tented 

 Pueblo.— Cushing, Zuiii Folic Tales, 6, 1901. Vil- 

 lage of the White Flowering Herbs. — Cushing, Zufil 

 Folk Talcs, 104, 1901 (probably the same). 



Hampton Normal and Agricultural Insti- 

 tute. A school for negroes and Indians, 

 situated 2 m. from Fort Monroe and Old 

 Point Comfort, Va. Established in 1868 

 by Gen. S. C. Armstrong for the indus- 

 trial and agricultural education of freed- 

 men, it was the flrst school in the United 

 States of a practical industrial nature. 

 After 10 years of success in training and 

 establishing negroes as teachers and farm- 

 ers, it responded to the call of 14 young 

 Indians, who had been prisoners of war 

 at St Augustine, Fla., for three years, 

 and thus opened its doors to the Indian 

 race. Since then 1,100 Indian girls and 

 boys have had more or less training at 

 Hampton, and to-day five-sixtha of those 

 now living are industrious and civilized, 

 working with their own hands for the 

 support of themselves and their families. 



The school is not a government insti- 

 tution, but is controlled by a board of 17 

 trustees, and is entirely nonsectarian in 

 character. It is supported by the income 

 of a jiartial endowment and by certain 

 government funds distributed by the state 

 of Virginia, but its chief support is de- 

 rived from the donations of its friends. 



The academic course covers a period of 

 4 years, and includes English branches in 

 both grammar and high school grades. 



