534 



HARRISON RIVER HASSANAMESIT 



[b. a. e. 



when so, either sphced to the main hne 

 or joined by an ingenious detacher, which 

 is sometimes prettily carved. 



Loo-te shaft. — A spindle-shaped piece of 

 ivory socketed to toggle liead and fore- 

 shaft and attached as a hinge to the leader 

 or the foreshaft. Its object 

 is to catch the strain caused 

 by convulsive movements 

 in the game and to render 

 certain the speedy detach- 

 ment of the toggle head. 



One of the most interest- 

 ing studies in connection 

 with harpoons is environ- 

 ment in relation to cul- 

 ture — the play between the 

 needy and ingenious man 

 and the resources of game, 

 materials, and tools. In e. 

 Greenland is found the 

 hinged toggle l)y the side 

 of old forms; in w. Green- 

 land a great variety of types 

 from the very primitive and 

 coarse to those having feath- 

 ers of ivory and the hooks 

 on the shaft. In the latter 

 area are also throwing sticks 

 of two kinds. On the w. 

 side of Davis strait harpoons 

 are heavy and coarse, show- 

 ing contact of the natives 

 with whalers, especially the 

 Ungava Eskimo examples. 

 There also are flat types sug- 

 gest! ve of N. Asia. From 

 the Mackenzie r. country 

 the harpoons are small and 

 under the influence of the 

 white trader. The har- 

 poons of the Pt Barrow Es- 

 kimo are 

 exhaust- 

 ively dis- 

 cussed bv 

 Murdoch, 

 and those 

 from Pt 

 Barrow 

 south- 

 ward by Nelson. 



From Mount St Elias 

 southward, within the 

 timber belt, where wood 

 is easily obtainal)le, 

 harpoon shafts are 

 longer, but all the parts 

 are reduced to their sim- 

 plest form. For exam- 

 ple, the Ntlakyapamuk of British Colum- 

 bia make the toggle heads of their two- 

 pronged harpoons by neatly lashing the 

 parts together and to the sennit lead- 

 ers. The Makah of Washington formerly 

 made the blade of tiie head from shell, 

 but now use metal ; the leader is tied to a 



Eskimo Harpoon Modk 

 by contact with whiti 



large, painted float of sealskin, the shaft 

 being free. The Quinaielt of Washing- 

 ton have the bifurcated shaft, but no float. 

 The Naltunne of Oregon have a barbed 

 harpoon, with prongs on the l>lade as well 

 as on the shank, while their cousins, the 

 Hupa of X. California make the toggle, 

 as clo the Vancouver tribes, by attaching 

 the parts of the head to a strip of rawhide. 



See Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 1888; 

 Goddard in Publ. Univ. Cal., Am. 

 Archfeol. and Ethnol., i, no. 1, 1903; 

 Holm, Ethnol. Skizz., 1887; Mason in 

 Rep. Nat. Mus. 1900, 1902; Morice in 

 Trans. Can. Inst., iv, 1895; Murdoch in 

 9th Rep. B. A. E., 1892; Nelson in 18th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1899; Niblack in Rep. Nat. 

 Mus. 1888, 1890; Powers in Cont. N. A. 

 Ethnol., 111,1877; Teit in Mem. Am. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., II, Anthrop. i, 1900; Turner in 

 11th Rep. B. A. E., 1894. (o. t. m. ) 



Harrison River. The local name for a 

 body of Cowichan near loAver Fraser r., 

 Brit. Col. (Can. Ind. Aff. for 1878, 78); 

 evidently the Scowlitz, or the Chehalis, 

 or both. 



Harsanykuk {Harsanyl-iJk, 'saguai-o cac- 

 tus standing'). A Pima village at Saca- 

 ton Flats, s. Ariz. — Russell, Pima MS., 

 B. A. E., 18, 1902. 



Hartwell. An Algonquian settlement, 

 containing 25 persons in 1884, in Ottawa 

 CO., Quebec— Can. Ind. Aff., 1884. 



Harutawaqui {IIarontawcV^ko>i' , 'He 

 holds the tree.' — Hewitt) . A Tuscarora 

 village in North Carolina in 1701. — Law- 

 son (1709), Carolina, 383, 1860. 



Hasatch ( ' place to the east ' ) . A former 

 summer village of the Lagunas, now a 

 l^ermanently occupied pueblo; situated 

 3 m. E. of Laguna pueblo, N. Mex. 

 Hasatch. — Loew in Wheeler Survev Rep., vii, 345, 

 1879. Haratyi.— Hodge, field iiote.s, B. A. E., 1895 

 (proper native name). Mesita. — Ind. Aff. Rep. 

 1904, 250, 1905 ('little mesa': common Spanish 

 name). Mesita Negra. — Hodge (after Pradt) in 

 Am. Anthrop., iv, 340, 1891 (Span.: 'little black 

 mesa'). 



Hashkushtnn {Ha'-rknc-tun). A former 

 Takelma village on the s. side of Rogue r. , 

 Ores. — Dorsevin Jour. Am. Folk-lore, in, 

 235, '1890. 



Haslinding. A small Hupa village, re- 

 cently deserted, on the e. side of Trinity 

 r. , Cal. , at the mouth of a creek of the same 

 name, 3 m. s. of Hujia valley. ( p. e. g. ) 



Has-lintah. — Gilibs in Schooleraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 

 139, 1853. Hass-lin'-tung. — Powers in Cont. N. A. 

 Ethnol., m, 73, 1S77. Kas-lin-ta.— McKee ( 1851 ) in 

 Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 3'2d Cong., spec, sess., 194, 1853. 

 Xaslindiii. — Goddard, Life and Culture of the 

 Hupa, 12, 1903. 



Hasoomale. One of the Diegueiio ran- 

 cherias represented in the treaty of 1852 

 at Santa Isabel, s. Cal. — H. R. Ex. Doc. 

 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 133, 1857. 



Hassanamesit ('at the place of small 

 stones.' — Gookin ). A village of Christian 

 Indians established in 1654 at Grafton, 

 Worcester co. , Mass. , in Nipmuc territory .' 



