538 



HAVASUPAI 



[b. a. e. 



Sierra Mogollon to the San Francisco 

 mts. and along tlie valley of the Colo- 

 rado Chiquito. The tribe is a peculiarly 

 interesting one, since of all the Yunian 

 tril)es it is the only one which has devel- 

 oped or borrowetl a culture siniilur to, 

 though less advanced, than that of the 

 Pueblo peoples; indeed, according to tra- 

 dition, the Havasupai (or more probably 

 a Pueblo clan or tribe that became incor- 

 porated with them) formerly built and 

 occupied villages of a permanent charac- 

 ter on the Colorado Chitiuito e. of the 

 San Francisco mts., where ruins were 

 pointed out to Powell by a Havasupai 

 chief as the former homes of his people. 

 As the result of war with tribes farther 

 E., they abandoned these villages and 

 took refuge in the San Francisco mts., 

 subsequently leaving these for their pres- 

 ent abode. In this connection it is of 

 interest to note that the Cosnino caves on 

 the upper Kio Verde, near the n. edge of 

 Tonto basin, central Arizona, were named 

 from this trilie, because of their supposed 

 early occupancy by them. Their present 

 village, composed of temporary cabins or 

 shelters of wattled canes and branches 

 and earth in summer, and of the natural 

 caves and crevices in winter, is situ- 

 ated 115 m. N. of Prescott and 7 m. s. 

 of the Grand canyon. The Havasupai 

 are well formed, though of medium 

 stature. They are skilled in the manu- 

 facture and use of implements, and 

 especially in preparing raw material, li e 

 buckskin. The men are expert hunters, 

 the women adept in the manufacture of 

 baskets which, when lined with clay, 

 serve also as cooking utensils. Like the 

 otherYumantriljes, until affected by white 

 influences during recent years, their cloth- 

 ing consisted chiefly of deerskin and, for 

 the sak e of orn anient, both men and women 

 painted their faces with thick, smooth 

 coatings of tine red ocher or blue paint 

 prepared from wild indigo; tattooing and 

 scarification for ornament wei-e also some- 

 times practised. In summer they subsist 

 chiefly on corn, calabashes, sunflower 

 seeds, melons, peaches, and apricots, 

 which they cultivate by means of irriga- 

 tion, and also the wild datila and mescal, 

 in winter principally u{)on the flesh of 

 game, which they hunt in the surround- 

 ing uplands and mountains. While a 

 strictly sedentary people, they are un- 

 skilled in the manufacture of earthenware 

 and obtain their more modern implements 

 and utensils, except i)asketry, by barter 

 with the Hopi, with which people they 

 seem always to have had closer affilia- 

 tion than with their Yuman kindred. 

 Their weapons in war and the chase were 

 rude clubs and pikes of hard wood, bows 

 and arrows, and, formerly, slings; but fire- 

 arms have practically replaced these more 



primitive appliances. The gentile system 

 of descent (jr organization seems to be ab- 

 sent among the Havasupai, their society 

 consanguineally being patriarchal. They 

 are polygamists, the number of wdves a 

 man shall have being limited apparently 

 only by his means for supporting them. 

 Betrothals by purchase are common, and 

 divorces are granted only on the ground 

 of unfaithfulness. The Havasupai occupy 

 a reservation of about 38,400 acres, set 

 aside by P^xecutive order in 1880 and 

 1882. their ])opulation was 300 in 1869, 

 233 in 1902, 174 in 1905. (n. w. h.) 



Agua Supais. — Hodge, Arizona, 169, 1877.^ Ah- 

 Supai. — Boiirke, Moquis of Ariz., 80, 1884. Ak'-ba- 

 sii'-pai. — Gilbert, Yuiua^Vdcab., B. A. E., 64, 1878 

 (Walapaiform). Akuesu-pai. — (iatsclietin Ztschr. 

 f. Ethuol., XV, 127, 1SS.1. Ava-Supies. — Bancroft, 

 Ariz, and N. Mex., .'i47, 1889. Avesupai.— Gat- 

 schet, op. eit., 1'23. Casinos.— Ind. Aff. Kep. 1869, 

 91,1870. Casnino.— Taylnr in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 

 27, 1.S63. Co-a-ni-nis. — I'owell in Scribner'.s Mag., 

 213, Dee. 1875. Cochineans. — Emory, Keeoii., 96, 

 1818 (trans, 'dirtv fellows'). Cochnichnos. — 

 Bartlett, Per.s. Narr., n, 17«, 1854. Coponinos.— 

 Gushing in Atlantic Mo.. 544, Oct. issj. Coho- 

 ninos. — Bourke, Moqnis of Ariz., 80. IsM. Coj- 

 nino. — Sitgreaves, Expedition, 15, 1.S53 (name by 

 which a Havesi'ipai called himself). Cojonina. — 

 Scott in Donaldson, AIo(|iii Pueblo Inds., 52, 1.S93. 

 Cominas.— Varga.s (1692), cited by Davis, Span. 

 Conq. N. Mex., 370, 1.S69. Cominos.— Browne, 

 Apache Country, 290, 1869 (mentioned as a branch 

 of Gila .\pache). Coninas.— Rivera, Diario y Der- 

 rotero, leg. 9.5U, 1736. Conninos. — Pumpelly, Across 

 America and Asia, map, 1M70. Cosninas. — Garc^s 

 (1776), Diary, 472, 1900. Cosninos.— Whipple, Pac. 

 R. R. Rep., Ill, pt.I, 82, 1,n.'i6. Cuesninas.— Garci^s 

 (1776), Diary, 445, 1900 (erroneously said to be 

 Marico|)a name for Mohave). Cuismer.— orozcoy 

 Berra, (ieografia, 59, 1864 (misquoting Garct^s). 

 Cuisnurs.— Garc^s (1776), Diary, 446,1900. Culis- 

 nisna— Ibid., 473 (erroneously said to be aiiplied 

 to Mohave). Culisnurs. — Ibid, (erroneously said 

 to beapjilied tothe Mohave). Habasopis. — Gibbs, 

 MS. ma]) of ('oloradotribes, B. A. E., no.2S2. Ha- 

 ha-vasu-pai. — ,bimes. Inds. Painted Desert, 195, 199, 

 1903 ('i)eople oi the blue water'). Havasopi.— 

 Thomas, MS., no. 602, B. A. E., 1868. 'Havasua 

 Pai.— Ewing in Great Divide, 203, Dec. 1892. 

 Ha-va-su-pai.— Gushing in Atlantic IMo., L, 374, 

 Sept. 1882. Hava-su-pay.— Bandelicr in Arch. 

 Inst. Papers, jv, 366, IWJ. Havesu-pai.— Ewing, 

 op. cit. 'Havisua Pai. — Ibid. Jabesua. — Garces 

 (1776), Diary, 340, 1900. Java Supais.— Baxter in 

 Harper's Mag., June 1882. Javeusa.— E.scudero, 

 Noticias de Ghihnahua, 228, 1834 (misquoting 

 Garces). Kochninakwe.— ten Kate, Reizen in N. 

 A., 300, 1885 (Zuni name: ' Piilon nut people'?). 

 Kochonino. — Ibid., 259. Ko'-hni'-na. — Gilbert, 

 Yuma vocab., B. A. E., 64, 1878 (Hopi name). 

 Kohonino.— Voth, Traditions of the Hopi, 19, 1905 

 (Hopi name). Kokoninos.— Gatschet in Zeitschr. 

 f. Ethnol., xvni, 97, 1886. Konino.— Ibid., xv, 

 124, 1883(Hopiname), Kox-nina' kwe.— ten Kate, 

 Synonomie, 7, 1884 (Zuni name, borrowed from 

 the Hopi). Koxniname.— Ibid. (Hopi name). 

 Kuchnikwe.— ten Kate, Reizen in N. A., 300, 1885 

 (Zuili name: 'Pinon nut people'?). Kuhni 

 liwe.— Gushing in Atlantic Mo., L, 362, Sept. 1882 

 (Zuiii name; A:(('f=' people'). Ku'h-nis. — E.scu- 

 dero, Noticias de Chihuahua, 228, 1834 (mis- 

 quoting Garct^, 1776). Kuxni-kue.— Gatschet in 

 Zeitschr. f. Ethnol., xv, 124, 1883 (Zufii name). 

 Nation of the Willows.— Gushing in Atlantic Mo., 

 L, 362, .541, 1882. Navesu-pai. — Gat.schet, op. cit., 

 XV, 127, 18S3 (a Walapai form). People of the Wil- 

 lows.— Powell in 3d Keii. B. A. E., xix, 1884. 

 Supais.— Gushing in Atlantic Mo., .544, Oct. 1882 

 ( after "Arizona Miner" ). Supies.— Hinton, Hand- 

 book to Arizona, 353, 187s. Supis.— Orozco y Berra, 

 Geografia, .59, 386, 1864 (erroneously given as 

 part of Faraon Apache) . Suppai.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 



