BULL. 30] 



HEASHKOWA HEHLKOAN 



541 



irregular ineals, the preference for fat, 

 crudely prepared food, and, recently, the 

 misuse of inferior baking powders and 

 excessive use of coffee. While most of 

 the disorders thus introduced are of a 

 minor character, others, particularly in 

 infants, are frequently fatal. Other more 

 common diseases are various forms of 

 malaria, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, 

 and measles in the young. Whooping 

 cough is also met with. Inflammation of 

 the conjunctiva? is common and often leads 

 to ulceration, opacity, and defect in or 

 even total loss of vision. Defective hear- 

 ing is occasionally found in the aged, and 

 there are rare instances of deaf mutes. 

 Eczema, favus, and acme are among the 

 more ordinary affections of the skin. 

 Tuberculosis of the lungs, and glandular 

 tuberculosis, or scrofula, are frequent in 

 many localities and are especially com- 

 mon among the reservation Indians in 

 the colder parts of the United States, 

 particularly in North Dakota, South Da- 

 kota, and Montana, due to their present 

 mode of life. They li\e in small, insan- 

 itary hovels, which in cold weather are 

 ill ventilated and often overheated and 

 crowded, while their dress is heavier than 

 formerly, their daily life less active, their 

 food changed, and, what is most impor- 

 tant, there is complete ignorance of the 

 contagious nature of consumption. Some 

 of these conditions, however, are being 

 gradually bettered. 



Goiter is widely distributed, though 

 seldom prevalent; it is f(iund ]:)articularly 

 among some bands of the Sioux, and it oc- 

 curs also with some frequency among the 

 Menominee, Oneida, Crows, and White 

 Mountain Apache. Albinism occurs 

 among a number of the tribes; the cases, 

 however, are quite isolated, exceptamong 

 the Hopi and to a lesser degree the Zuni. 

 In 1903 there were 12 cases of albinism in 

 the former and 4 in the latter tribe, all of 

 the complete variety. Vitiligo is much 

 more scattered, but the cases are few. 

 Diseases and functional disturbances pe- 

 culiar to women, including those of the 

 puerperium, are much lesscommon among 

 Indians than among the white women of 

 this country. Of diseases peculiar to old 

 age, senile arthritis, which affects particu- 

 larly the spine, and occasional dementia, 

 are found. Senility proceeds slowly in 

 the pure-blood Indian, and the number 

 of individuals above 80 years of age, ac- 

 cording to census returns (which, how- 

 ever, should be regarded with caution), 

 is relatively greater than among the 

 whites. See Anatomy, Plnjuiolorpj. ' 



Consult Bancroft, Native Races (with 

 bibliographical references), i-v, 1882; 

 Hrdlicka, Physiological and Medical Ob- 

 servations Among the Indians ( with bib- 

 liography). Bull. 33, B. A. E., 1906; Jesuit 



Relations, Thwaites ed., i-lxxiii, 1896- 

 1901; Josselyn, New-England's Rarities 

 (1672), repr. 1865; Reports of the Com- 

 missioner of Indian Affairs; Report on 

 Indians, Eleventh U. S. Census (1890), 

 1894; Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes, i-vi, 

 1851-57. (a. n.) 



Heashkowa. A prehistoric pueblo of the 

 Red Corn (Kukinish-yaka) clan of Acoma, 

 situatedatthefootof amesaabout 2m. s. e. 

 of the present Acoma pueblo, N. Mex. 

 According to tradition it was built by the 

 Red Corn clan when the tribe entered its 

 present valley from the N. and settled at 

 Tapitsiama. It is said that when the vil- 

 lage was abandoned some of the inhabi- 

 tants joined the main body of the tribe 

 while the remainder migrated southward. 



(f. w. h.) 



Hebron. A Moravian Eskimo mission, 

 founded in 1830, on the E. Labrador coast, 

 lat. 58°.— Hind., Lab. Renin., ii, 199, 1863. 



Hecatari. A former Nevome pueblo of 

 Sonora, Mexico, with 127 inhabitants in 

 1730; situated probably at or near the 

 junction of the w. branch of the Rio 

 Yaqui with the main stream, about lat. 

 28° 30^. Orozco y Berra classes it as a 

 pueblo of the upper Pima. 

 Hecatari. — Rivera (1078) quoted by Bancroft, No. 

 Mex. States, i, 513, 1884. Eecatazi. — Oroxeo y 

 Berra, Geog., 347, 1864. 



Heda-haidagai [Xe' daxd^ -idA (la-i, 'peo- 

 ple living on the low ground'). A sub- 

 division of the Stawas-haidagai, a Haida 

 family of the Eagle clan; named from the 

 character of the ground on which their 

 houses stood in the town of Cumshewa. 

 The town chief belonged to this subdivi- 

 sion. — Swanton, Cont. Haida, 273, 1905. 



Hediondo (Span. : ' fetid ' ). A Huichol 

 rancheria about 2h m. w. of Ratontita, in 

 Jalisco, Mexico. — Lumholtz, Unknown 

 Mex., II, 271, 1902. 

 Rancho Hediondo. — Lumholtz, ibid. 



Hegan. According to Pike (N. H. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., Ill, 56, 1832) some English 

 near Kittery, York co.. Me., were at- 

 tacked in 1706 "by their good friends, the 

 Hegans. " This may mean some relatives 

 of Hogkins or Hawkins, a chief of the 

 hostile Pennacook, formerly living in that 

 vicinity. It can hardly mean the Mohe- 

 gan, who were not hostile and who did 

 not live in the neighborhood. ( i. m. ) 



Hehametawe { He'ha'' me^tawe, 'descend- 

 ants of Hametawe'). A subdivision of 

 the Laalaksentaio, a Kwakiutl gens. — 

 Boas in Rep. Nat. Mus. for 1895, 332. 



Hehlkoan ( ' people of Foam ' ) . A Tlin- 

 git division at Wrangell, Alaska, belong- 

 ing to the Wolf clan. They are named 

 from a place called Foam {Xel), close to 

 Loring, where they lived before joining 

 the Stikine. 



Chrelch-kon.— Krause, Tlinkit Ind., 120, 1885. 

 ftetlk -can.— Boas, 5th Rep. N. VV. Tribes Can., 25, 

 1889. Xei koan— Swanton, field notes, B. A. E. , 1904. 



