542 



HEILTSUK HEMISPHERES 



[b. a. e. 



Heiltsuk [He^ -ilt-suq) , A dialect of 

 Kvvakiutl embracinij the Bellabella (after 

 whose native name it is called), the China 

 Hat, Somehulitk, Xohunitk, and Wikeno. 

 The numlier of Indians speaking the dia- 

 lect was about 500 in 1904. (.i. r. s. ) 



Heitotowa. A Choctaw town in the 

 Choctaw Nation, Ind. T., situated at the 

 later Sculleville. 

 Hei-to-to-wee.— Mollhausen, Journey, i, 32, 1858. 



Hekhalanois ( Hexala^nois). The ances- 

 tor of a Koskimo gens, after whom it 

 was sometimes called. — Boas in Peter- 

 manns Mitt., pt. 5, 131, 1887. 



Hekpa. The Fir clan of the Honau 

 (Bear) j)hratrv of the Hopi. 

 He'k-pa.— Stephen in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 38, 1891. 



Helapoonuch. A former Chumashan 

 village situated about 15 m. from Santa 

 Barbara mission, Cal. — Father Timeno 

 (1856) quoted bv Taylor in Cal. Farmer, 

 May 4, 1860. 



Helicopile. A village, named after a 

 chief, on lower St Johns r., Fla., in 1564, 

 probably belonging to Saturiwa's con- 

 federacy. 



Helicopile. — Laudonniere (1567) in French, Hist. 

 Coll. La., n. s., 319, 1869. Hilicopile.— Gonrgue 

 (1.568), ibid., 2d s., ll, 280, 1875. 



Helikilika. An ancestorof a gens of the 

 Nakomgilisala tribe of Kwakiutl. — Boas 

 in Petermanns Mitt., pt. 5, 131, 1887. 



Hellelt. A Salish tribe on Chimenes 

 r., s. w. Vancouver id., speaking the Co- 

 wichan dialect; pop. 28 in 1904. 



Hal-alt.— Can. Ind. AfF., 308. 1879. Haltalt —Ibid., 

 79, 1878. Hel-alt.— Ibid., 1883, pt. I, 190. Hellal.— 

 Ibid., 1892, 313. Hel-Ialt.— Ibid., 1889, 269. Hel- 

 lelt.— Ibid., 1901, pt. n, 164. aala'ltq.— Boas, MS., 

 B. A. E., 1887. 



Hello {IIi'l-W). A former Chumashan 

 village on Mooris id., w. of Santa Bar- 

 bara, Cal. — Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E., 1884. 



Helshen ('sandy beach'; lit., 'soft to 

 the foot'). A Squawmish village com- 

 munity on Burrard inlet, Brit. Col. 

 Helcen.— Hill-Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 47.5, 1900. 



Heluta. A former Cholovone village 

 in San Joaquin co., Cal., near San Joa- 

 quin r. — Pinart, Cholovone MS., B. A. E., 

 1880. 



Hematite. An iron ore much used by the 

 native tribes for implements, ornaments, 

 and small objects of problematical use. 

 It is found in many parts of the country 

 and in great abundance in the Iron 

 Mountain district of Missouri and in the 

 Marquette region of ilichigan. It occurs 

 as a massive ore, as nodules, and in other 

 forms, distributed through rocks of vari- 

 ous classes, and is usually dark in color, 

 showing various shades of gray, brown, 

 and red. The specular varieties are gen- 

 erally rather gray, and have a metallic 

 luster. The red, earthy varieties, when 

 compact, are known as red chalk, and 

 when much disintegrated and pulveru- 

 lent, as red ocher. They were, and are, 



much used as paint by the aborigines, 

 and small quantities, either in lumps or 

 as powder, are commonly found in ancient 

 graves, placed there for personal embel- 

 lishment in the future existence. The 

 highly siliceous varieties are often very 

 hard, heavy, and tough, and make excel- 

 lent implements. They were used espe- 

 cially in the manufacture of celts, axes, 

 scrapers, etc., and for the rudely shaped 

 hammers and sledges that served in min- 

 ing work, as in the iron mines at Leslie, 

 Mo. (Holmes). Many of the celts and 

 celt-like implements are quite small, and 

 in some cases probal)ly served as anmlets. 

 Grooved axes of this material are of some- 

 what rare occurrence, Init objects of prob- 

 lematical use, such as cones, hemispheres, 

 and plummets, are common, and on ac- 

 count of their high finish, richness of 

 color, and luster, are much prized by col- 

 lectors. Heuiatite objects are found in 

 mounds and on dwelling sites in the 

 middle Mississippi valley region, in the 

 Ohio valley, and extending into e. Ken- 

 tucky and Tennessee to w. North Caro- 

 lina, and to a limited extent in the S., in 

 the Pueblo country, and on the Pacific 

 coast. A small, well-shaped figure of 

 this material, representing a bird, and 

 neatly inlaid with turquoise and white 

 shell, is among the collections olitained 

 by Pepper from the Pueblo Bonito ruin. 

 New Mexico. Hematite is not always 

 readily distinguishable from limonite 

 ( wdiich is generally yellowish or brownish 

 in tint), and from some other forms of 

 iron ore. See Mines and Quarries. 



References to hematite objects are 

 widely distributed throughout the liter- 

 ature of American archeology. Among 

 others the following authors may be con- 

 sulted: Douglass in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., VIII, 1896; Fewkes (1) in 17th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 730, 1898, (2) in 21st Rep. 

 B. A. E., 77, 1903; Fowke in 13th Rep. 

 B. A. E., 1896; Holmes in Smithson. Rep. 

 1903, 1904; Moorehead, Prehist. Impls., 

 1900; Pepper in Am. Anthrop., vii, 195, 

 1905. (w. H. H.) 



Hembeni. A former Maidu village on 

 the E. side of North fork of American r., 

 about 6 m. s. e. of Colfax, Placer co., 

 Cal.— Dixon in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 

 XVII, pi. xxxviii, 1905. 



Hemispheres, Spheres. Small objects, 

 usually of polished stone, the use of which 

 has not been fully determined; they are 

 therefore classed with problematical ob- 

 jects. The more typical forms, found in 

 the mounds, areoften of hematite and, like 

 the cones, rarely exceed a few ounces in 

 weight. Hemispheres are comparatively 

 numerous, but spheres referable to this 

 group are rare. Hammerstones and 

 stones used as club-heads (see Clubs, 

 Hammers) are often spherical, but usually 



