BULL. 30] 



HICKORY HIDATSA 



547 



Black house.— La wsoii (17U), Hist. Carolina, 45, 

 1860 (so called by traders). Hickerau.— Ibid. 



Hickory. A walnut tree belonging to 

 any one of several species of the genua 

 Hicoria. The word is spelled by early 

 writers in a great variety of w'ays: po- 

 Mckery (Farrar, 1653), pekickery (Shrig- 

 ley, 1669), peckikery, pokickery, hickorie, 

 hiccora, hiccorij, hickory (1682), etc. 

 Capt. John Smith (Hist. Va., ii, 26, 

 1624) describes pav)cohiccora, a food of 

 the Algonquian Indians of Virginia, as a 

 preparation of pounded walnut kernels 

 with water. From the cluster words pa ir- 

 cohiccora, etc., transferred by the whites 

 from the food to the tree, has been de- 

 rived Jik'kory. Derivative words and 

 terms are: Hickory-borer {CyUeiie picta), 

 hickory-elm ( Ubmis racemosa), hickory- 

 eucalj'ptus {Eucalj/ptus 2}unctata), hick- 

 ory-girdler {Oncideres cingidatus), hick- 

 ory-head (the ruddy duck), hickory nut 

 (the nut of the hickory, specifically of 

 Hicoria ovata or H. laciniosa), hickory-oak 

 ( Quercus chrysolepis) , hickory-pine {Pimii^ 

 balfouriana and P. pungens), hickory pole 

 (a Democratic party emblem), hickory 

 poplar {Liriodendron tnUpifera), hickory- 

 shad (the gizzard-shad), hickory shirt (a 

 coarse cotton shirt). As an adjective the 

 word hickory took on the sense of firm, un- 

 yielding, stubborn, as applied to religious 

 sectarians, members of a political party, 

 etc. Gen. Andrew Jackson was called 

 "Old Hickory.V In Waterloo co., On- 

 tario, according to W. J. Wintemberg, the 

 German residents call a Pennsylvania 

 German a Hickory, possibly in reference 

 to their fellows in Pennsylvania having 

 voted the Jackson ticket. (.\. f. c. ) 



Hickory Indians. A small band for- 

 merly occupying a village near Lancaster, 

 Pa. (Day, Penn., 397, 1843). Probably 

 a part of the Delawares. 



Hickory Log. A former Cherokee set- 

 tlement on Etowah r., a short distance 

 above Canton, Cherokee co., Ga. — 

 Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 545, 1900. 

 Wane'-asun'tlunyi. — Mooney, ibid, ('hickory foot- 

 log place': native name). 



Hickorytown. A former Munsee and 

 Delaware village, probably about East 

 Hickory or West Hickory, Forest co.. Pa. 

 On account of the hostility of the western 

 tribes the Indians here removed in 1791 

 to the Seneca and were by them settled 

 near Cattaraugus, N. Y. (j. m. ) 



Hickory town. — Procter (1791) in Am. State Papers, 

 Ind. Aff., I, 154, 1832. Munsee settlement.— Ibid., 

 153. 



Hictoba. One of the 5 divisions of the 

 Dakota recorded by Pachot (Margrv, 

 Dec, VI, 518, 1886) about 1722. Uniden- 

 tified. 



Scioux de la chasse. — Ibid. 



Hidatsa. A Siouan tribe living, since 

 first known to the whites, in the vicinity of 

 the junction of Knife r. with the Missouri, 

 North Dakota, in intimate connection with 

 the Man dan and Arikara. Their language 



is closely akin to that of the Crows, with 

 whom they claim to have been united un- 

 til some time before the historic period, 

 when the two separated in consequence of 

 a quarrel over the division of some game, 

 theCrowsthendrawingoff farther to the w. 

 The name Hidatsa, by which they now 

 call themselves, has been said , with doubt- 

 ful authority, to mean ' willows,' and is 

 stated by INlatthews to have been origi- 

 nally the name only of a principal village 

 of the tribe in their old home on Knife r. 

 ( see Elahsa ) . It probably came to be used 

 as the tribe name, after the smallpox epi- 



HIDATSA (OHESHAKHADAKHI, LEA 



demic of 1837, from the consolidation of 

 the survivors of the other two villages 

 with those of Hidatsa. By the Mandan 

 they are known as Minitari, signifying 

 ' they crossed the water, ' traditionally said 

 to refer to their having crossed Missouri r. 

 from the e. The Sioux call them He- 

 waktokto, said to mean 'dwellers on a 

 ridge,' but more probably signifying 

 'spreading tipis,' or 'tipis in a row,' the 

 name by which they are known to the 

 Cheyenne and Arapaho. The sign gesture 

 in each case would be nearly the same 

 (Mooney). The Crows call them Amashi, 

 ' earth lodges, ' and they are now officially 



