560 



HOOLATASSA HOPI 



[b. a. e. 



(palmer) 



is given by Yates in Morehead's Prehis- 

 toric Implements. They are usually made 

 of soapstone and other soft rock, and occur 

 in burials in s. California, on the islands 

 as well as on the mainland, 

 and no doubt had symbolic use 

 (see Problematical objects) . A 

 number of these objects, now 

 in the Peabody INIuseum, are 

 described by Putnam, who 

 prefers to regard them as im- 

 plements, and mentions signs 

 of use. Two examples were 

 obtained from a grave at the 

 ancient soapstone quarry of Santa Catalina 

 id. in 1902 (Holmes), and a deposit of 

 about 50 specimens was discovered at Re- 

 dondo V)each, Cal., in 1903 (Palmer). 



Consult Holmes in Rep. Nat. Mus. 

 1900, 1902; Moorehead, op. cit.; Palmer 

 in 2d Bull. S. W. Soc. Archseol. Inst. 

 Am., 1905; Putnam in Surv. W. 100th 

 Merid., 7, 1879. (w. h. h.) 



Hoolatassa. A former Choctaw town 4 

 m. from Al)ihka, probably in the present 

 Kemper co., Miss. — Romans, Fla., 310, 

 1775. 



Hoolikan. See Eulachon. 

 Hoonebooey. One of the Shoshoni tribes 

 or ban(ls said to have dwelt e. of the Cas- 

 cade and s. of the Blue mts. of Oregon, in 

 1865. Not identified. 



Hoonebooey. — Huntington in Ind. Aff. Rep., -166, 

 1865. Hoo-ne-boo-ly.— Ibid., 471. 



Hooshkal {Hoogh-kal). A former Che- 

 halis village on the n. shore of Grays 

 harbor. Wash.— Gibbs, MS., no. 248, 

 B. A. E. 



Hopahka Choctaw. The Choctaw for- 

 merly residing in Hopahka town in s. 

 Mississippi, w. of Pearl r., who are sj^oken 

 of as the most intelligent and influential 

 of the tribe. Known also as Cobb Indians, 

 from their leader. — Claiborne (1843) in 

 Sen. Doc. 168, 28th Cong., 1st sess., 39, 65, 

 1844. 



Hopedale. A Moravian Eskimo mission 

 village on the e. coast of Labrador, estab- 

 lished in 1782 (Hind, Lab. Renin., ii, 199, 

 1863). Pop. about 155. 



Hopehood. A Norridgevvock chief, 

 known among his people as Wahowa, 

 or Wohawa, who acquired considerable 

 notoriety in e. New England in the latter 

 part of the 17tli century. He was the 

 son of a chief called Robinhood. Hope- 

 hood's career is pronounced by Drake 

 (Ind. Biog., 130, 1832) to have been one 

 of long and bloody exploits. He first 

 appears as a participant in King Philip's 

 war, when he made an attack on a house 

 filled with women and children at Ne- 

 wichawanoc, about the site of Berwick, 

 Me.; all escaped, however, except two 

 children and the woman who bravely bar- 

 red and defended the door. In 1676 he 

 was one of the leaders of the e. New Eng- 

 land tribes who held consultation with 



the English at Taconnet, Me. In 1685 he 

 joined Kankamagus and other sachems 

 in a letter to Gov. Cranfield of New 

 Hampshire, protesting against the en- 

 deavor of the English to urge the Mo- 

 hawk to attack them. On Mar. 18, 1690, 

 he joined the French under Hertel in a 

 massacre at Salmon falls, and in May 

 attacked Fox Point, N. H., burning sev- 

 eral houses, killing 14 persons, and carry- 

 ing away 6 others. Not long afterward he 

 penetrated the Iroquois country, where 

 some Canadian Indians, mistaking him 

 for an Iroquois, slew him and several of 

 his companions. Hopehood was at one 

 time a captive in the hands of the English 

 and served as a slave for a season in 

 Boston. (c. T. ) 



,Hopi (contraction of Hopitu, 'peaceful 

 ones,' or Hnpitu-shinumu, 'peaceful all 

 people': their own name). A body of 

 Indians, speaking a Shoshonean dialect, 

 occupying 6 pueblos on a reservation of 

 2,472,320 acres in n. e. Arizona. The 

 name "Moqui," or "Moki," by which 

 they have been popularly known, 

 means 'dead' in their own language, 

 but as a tribal name it is seemingly 

 of alien origin and of undetermined sig- 

 nification — perhaps from the Keresan 

 language (Mosicha in Laguna, Mo-ts in 

 Acoraa, Motsi in Sia, Cochiti, and San 

 Felipe), whence Espejo's "Mohace" and 

 "Mohoce" (1583) and Onate's "Moho- 

 qui" (1598). Bandelier and Gushing be- 

 lieved the Hopi country, the later pro- 

 vince of Tusayan, to be identical with the 

 Totonteac of Fray Marcos de Niza. 



History. — The Hopi first became known 

 to white men in the summer of 1540, 

 when Coronado, then at Cibola (Zuni), 

 dispatched Pedro de Tobar and Fray Juan 

 de Padilla to visit 7 villages, constituting 

 the province of Tusayan, toward the w. 

 or N. w. The Spaniards were not re- 

 ceived with friendliness at first, but the 

 opposition of the natives was soon over- 

 come and the party remained among the 

 Hopi several days, learning from them 

 of the existence of the Grand canyon of 

 the Colorado, which Cardenas was later 

 ordered to visit. The names of the 

 Tusayan towns are not recorded by Cor- 

 onado' s chroniclers, so that with the ex- 

 ception of Oraibi, Shongopovi, Mishong- 

 novi, Walpi,and Awatobi, it is not known 

 with certainty what villages were inhab- 

 ited when the Hopi first became known 

 to the Spaniards. Omitting Awatobi, 

 which was destroyed in 1700, with the 

 possible exception of Oraibi none of these 

 towns now occupies its 16th century site. 

 Francisco Sanchez Chamuscado visited 

 Zufii in 1581 and speaks of the Hopi 

 country as Asay or Osay, but he did not 

 visit it on account of the snow. Two 

 years later, however, the province was 

 visited by Antonio de Espejo, who jour- 



