BULL. 30] 



HOQUIAM HORSES 



569 



1782. Pipe signed the treaty of Ft Pitt, 

 Pa., Sept. 17, 1778, the first treaty be- 

 tween the United States and the In- 

 dians; he was als(> a signer of the treaties 

 of Ft Mflntosli, Ohio, Jan. 21, 1785, and 

 Ft Harmar, Ohio, Jan. 9, 1787. In 1780 

 he removed from his home on Walhond- 

 ing cr., at or near White Woman's town, 

 to old Upper Sandnsky, or Cranestown, 

 Ohio, thence to Captain Pipe's village, 

 about 10 m. s. e. of Upper Sandusky, on 

 land that was ceded to the United iStates 

 in 1829. He died in 1794. See Drake, 

 Hist. Ind., 534, 1880; Darlington, Jour, 

 of Col. Mav, 94, 1873; Pa. Archives, iv, 

 441, 1833. 



Hoquiam. A Chehalis village on a creek 

 of the same name, x. shore of Grays har- 

 bor, Wash. 



Ho-ki-um.— Ro-ssinlnd. Aff.Rep., 18, 1870. Hokwa- 

 imits.— Gibbs, MS., No. 248, B. A. E. (Chehalis 

 name). Hoquiam. — Land Office map of Washing- 

 ton, 1891. Hoquium. — Gibbs, op. cit. 



Horicon. ^Marked on a map of 1671 as 

 a people living on the headwaters of Hud- 

 son r., N. Y., w. of L. Champlain, and 

 placed by others in the same general re- 

 gion. Ruttenber says they were a part 

 of the JNIahican who occupied the L. 

 George district, l)ut Shea considers the 

 word a mere misprint for Hirocoi, Hiero- 

 coves, or Iroquois, which is doubtful. 

 Herechenes. — Gatschet in Am. Antiq., ni, 321, 1881. 

 Hereckenes.— Fleet (lt;32) quoted, ibid. Hori- 

 cons. — Ruttenber, Tribes Hudson R., 41, 1872. Hor- 

 ikans. — Ogilby, America, map, 1671. 



Hormiguero (Span.: 'ant hill'). A 

 village, probably of the Pima, on the 

 Pima and Maricopa res., Gila r., Ariz.; 

 pop. 510 in 1860, 514 in 1869. Cf. Ormejea. 

 Herringuen.— Browne, Apache Country, 290, 1869. 

 Hormiguero. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 19, 1863. 



Hornotlimed. A Seminole chief who 

 came into notice chiefly through a single 

 incident of the Seminole war of 1817-18. 

 He resided at the Fowl Town, in x. w. 

 Florida, at the beginning of hostilities, 

 but was forced to flee to ]Mikasuki. On 

 Nov. 30, 1817, three vessels arrived at the 

 mouth of Apalachicola r. with supplies 

 for the garrison farther up the stream, 

 but on account of contrary winds were 

 unable to ascend. Lieut. Scott was sent 

 to their assistance with a boat and 40 men, 

 who, on their return from the vessels, 

 were ambushed by Hornotlimed and a 

 band of warriors, all being killed except 6 

 soldiers, who jumped overboardand swam 

 to the opposite shore. Twenty soldiers 

 who had been left to aid the vessels, and 

 an equal number of women and sick who 

 were with them, fell into the hands of 

 Hornotlimed and his warriors and were 

 slain and scalped. The scalps were car- 

 ried to Mikasuki and displayed on red 

 sticks as tokens of the victory. ^Mikasuki 

 was soon afterward visited by American 

 troops and, although most of the Indians 

 escaped, Hornotlimed was captured and 

 immediately hanged. Gen. Jackson 



called him " Homattlemico, the old Red- 

 stick," the latter name being applied 

 because he was a chief of the Mikasuki 

 band, known also as Red sticks, because 

 they erected red-painted poles in their 

 village. (c. t. ) 



Horocroc. A former village, jaresum- 

 ably Costanoan, connected with Dolores 

 mission, San Francisco, Cal. — Taylor in 

 Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. 



Horses. The first horses seen by the 

 mainland Indians were those of the Span- 

 ish invaders of Mexico. A few years 

 later De Soto brought the horse into Flor- 

 ida and westward to the Mississippi, 

 while Coronado, on his march to Quivira 

 in 1541, introduced it to the Indians of 

 tlie great plains. When the Aztec saw 

 the mounted men of Cortes they supposed 

 horse and man to be one and were greatly 

 alarmed at the strange animal. The clas- 

 sical Centaur owed its origin to a like 

 misconception. A tradition existed 

 among the Pawnee that their ancestors 

 mistook a mule ridden by a man for 

 a single animal and shot at it from con- 

 cealment, cai^turing the mule when the 

 man fell. 



The horse was a marvel to the Indians 

 and came to be regarded as sacred. For 

 a long time it was worshiped by the 

 Aztec, and by most of the tribes was 

 considered to have a mysterious or sa- 

 cred character. Its origin was explained 

 by a number of myths representing horses 

 to have come out of the earth through 

 lakes and springs or from the sun. 

 When Antonio de Espejo visited the Hopi 

 of Arizona in 1583, the Indians spread 

 cotton scarfs or kilts on the ground for 

 the horses to walk on, believing the 

 latter to be sacred. This sacred character 

 is sometimes shown in the names given 

 to the horse, as the Dakota sunka ivakan, 

 'mysterious dog.' Its use in transporta- 

 tion accounts for the term 'dog' often 

 applied to it, as the Siksika ponokdmita, 

 'elk dog'; Cree n^hlathn, 'big dog'; 

 Shawnee mlslilhva, 'elk.' (See Chamber- 

 lain in Am Ur-Quell, 1894.) 



The southern plains proved very favor- 

 able, and horses greatly multiplied. 

 Stray and escaped horses formed wild 

 herds, and, as they had few carnivorous 

 enemies, their increase and spread w^ere 

 astonishingly rapid. The movement of 

 the horse was from s. to x., at about an 

 equal rate on both sides of the mountains. 

 It moved northward in three ways: (1) 

 The increase of the wild horses and their 

 dispersal into new regions was rapid. (2) 

 For 150 years before the first exploration 

 of the W. by residents of the United States, 

 Spaniards from the Mexican provinces 

 had been making long journeys north- 

 ward and eastward to trade with the 

 Indians, even, it is said, as far N. as 



