BULL. 30] 



HURON 



589 



them from their native countrj', the n. 

 peninsula of Michigan. This first flight 

 of the Potawatomi must have taken place 

 anterior to the visit by Nicollet in 1634. 



Having murdered a party of Iroquois 

 scouts through a plot devised by their 

 chief Anahotaha, and fearing the ven- 

 geance of the Iroquois, the Hurons re- 

 mained here only a few months longer. 

 Some migrated to their compatriots on 

 Orleans id., near Quebec, and the others, 

 in 1659-60, fled farther w. to the Illinois 

 country, on the Mississippi, where they 

 were well received. Anahotaha was killed 

 in 1659 in a fight at the Long Sault of (Jtta- 

 wa r., above Montreal, in which a party 

 of 17 French militia under Sieur Dolard, 

 6 Algonkin under Mitameg, and 40 Huron 

 warriors under Anahotaha ( the last being 

 the flower of the Huron colony then re- 

 maining on Orleans id.) were surrounded 

 by 700 Iroquois and all killed with the 

 exception of 5 Frenchmen and 4 Hurons, 

 who were captured. It was not long be- 

 fore the Hurons found new enemies in 

 the Illinois country. The Sioux brooked 

 no rivals, much less meddlesome, weak 

 neighbors; and as the Hurons numbered 

 fewer than 500, whose native spirit and 

 energy had been shaken by their many 

 misfortunes, they could not maintain 

 their position against these new foes, and 

 therefore withdrew to the source of Black 

 r.. Wis., where tliey were found in 1660. 

 At last they decided to join the Ottawa, 

 their companions in their first removals, 

 who were then settled at Chequamigon 

 bay, on the s. shore of L. Superior, and 

 chose a site opposite the Ottawa village. 

 In 1665 Father Allouez, the founder 

 of the principal western missions, met 

 them here and established the mission of 

 La Pointe du Saint Esprit between the 

 Huron and the Ottawa villages. He la- 

 bored among them 3 years, but his suc- 

 cess was not marked, for these Tionon- 

 tati Hurons, never fully converted, had 

 relapsed into paganism. The Ottawa 

 and the Hurons fraternized the more 

 readily here since the two peoples dwelt 

 in contiguous areas s. of Georgian bay 

 before the Iroquois invasion in 1648- 

 49. Father Marquette succeeded Father 

 Allouez in 1669 and founded the missions 

 of the Sault Ste Marie and St Fran^ois- 

 Xavierde la Baiedes Puants. The Sioux, 

 however, sought every possible pretext 

 to assail the settlements of the Hurons 

 and the Ottawa, and their numbers and 

 known cruelty caused them to be so 

 feared that the latter tribes during Mar- 

 quette's! regime withdrew to the French 

 settlements, since the treaty of peace be- 

 tween the French and the Iroquois in 

 1666 had delivered them from their chief 

 enemies. The Ottawa, however, returned 

 to Manitouhn id., where the mission of 



St Simon was founded, while the Hurons, 

 who had not forgotten the advantageous 

 situation which Michilimakinac had pre- 

 viously afforded them, removed about 

 1670 to a point opposite the island, where 

 they built a palisaded village and where 

 Marquette established the mission of St 

 Ignace. Later, some of the Hurons here 

 settled moved to Sandusky, Ohio, others 

 to Detroit, and still others to Sandwich, 

 Ontario. The last probably became what 

 was latterly known as the Anderdon band 

 of Wyandots, but which is now entirely 

 dissipated, with the possible exception of 

 a very few persons. 



In 1745 a considerable party of Hurons 

 under the leadership of the war chief 

 Orontony, or Nicholas, removed from 

 Detroit r. to the marsh lands of San- 

 dusky bay. Orontony was a wily sav- 

 age whose enmity was greatly to be 

 feared, and he commanded men who 

 formed an alert, unscrupulous, and pow- 

 erful body. The French having provoked 

 the bitter hatred of Nicholas, which was 

 fomented ])y p]nglish agents, he conspired 

 to destroy the French, not only at Detroit 

 but at the upper posts, and by Aug., 



1747, the "Iroquois of the West," the 

 Hurons, Ottawa, Abnaki, Potawatomi, 

 "Ouabash," Sauteurs, Missisauga, Foxes, 

 Sioux, Sauk, "Sarastau," Loups, Shaw- 

 nee, and Miami, indeed all the tribes of 

 the middle W., with the exception of 

 those of the Illinois country, had entered 

 into the conspiracy; but through the 

 treachery of a Huron woman the plot was 

 revealed to a Jesuit priest, who communi- 

 cated the information to Longueuil, the 

 French commandant at Detroit, who in 

 turn notified all the other French posts, 

 and although a desultory warfare broke 

 out, resulting in a luimber of murders, 

 there was no concerted action. Oron- 

 tony, finding that he had been deserted 

 by his allies, and seeing the activity and 

 determination of the French not to suffer 

 English encroachments on what they 

 called French territory, finally, in Apr., 



1748, destroyed his villages and palisade 

 at Sandusky, and removed, with 119 war- 

 riors and their families, to White r., Ind. 

 Not long after he withdrew to the Illi- 

 nois country on Ohio r., near the Indiana 

 line, where he died in the autumn of 1748. 

 The inflexible and determined conduct of 

 Longueuil toward most of the conspiring 

 tribes brought the coalition to an end by 

 May, 1748. 



After this trouble the Hurons seem to 

 have returned to Detroit and Sandusky, 

 where they became known as Wyandots 

 and gradually acquired a paramount in- 

 fluence in the Ohio valley and the lake 

 region. They laid claim to the greater 

 part of Ohio, and the settlement of the 

 Shawnee and Delawares within that area 



