590 



HURON 



[b. a. e. 



was with their consent; they exercised 

 the right to Hght the CDuncil tire at all 

 intertribal councils, and although few in 

 number they joined all the Indian move- 

 ments in the Ohio valley and the lake 

 region and supported the British against 

 the Americans. After the peace of 1815 

 a large tract in Ohio and Michigan was 

 confirmed to them, but they sold a large 

 part of it in 1819, under treaty provisions, 

 re^erving a small portion near Upper 

 Sandusky, Ohio, and a smaller area on 

 Huron r., near Detroit, until 1842, when 

 these tracts also were sold and the tribe 

 removed to Wyandotte co., Kans. By 

 the terms of the treaty of 1855 they were 

 declared to be citizens, lint by the treaty 

 of 1867 their tribal organization was re- 

 stored and they were jilaced on a small 

 tract, still occupied by them, in the n. e. 

 corner of Oklahoma. 



That portion of the Hurons who with- 

 drew in 1650 and later to the French 

 colony, were accompanied by their mis- 

 sionaries. The mission of La Conception, 

 which was founded by them, although 

 often changed in name and situation, has 

 survived to the present time. The Hu- 

 rons who wintered in Quebec in 1649 did 

 not return to their country after learning 

 of its desolation by the Iroquois, l)ut 

 were placed on land belonging to the 

 Jesuits at Beauport, and when the Hu- 

 ron fugitives came down to Quebec to seek 

 protection, the others followed these in 

 May, 1651, to Orleans id., settling on 

 the lands of Madanioiselle de Grand 

 Maison that had been bought for them. 

 Here a mission house was erected near 

 their stockaded bark lodges. In 1654 

 they numbered between 500 and 600 per- 

 sons. But again the Iroquois followed 

 them, seeking through every misrepre- 

 sentation to draw the Hurons into their 

 own country to take the place of those 

 who had fallen in their various wars. By 

 this means a large number of the Hurons, 

 remnants of the Bear, Rock, and Bowl 

 tribes, were persuaded in 1656 to migrate 

 to the Iroquois country, a movement that 

 met with su(rh success that the Iroquois 

 even ventured to show themselves under 

 the guns of Quebec. In the same year 

 they mortally wounded Father Garreau, 

 near Montreal, and captured and put to 

 death 71 Hurons on Orleans id. These 

 misfortunes caused the Hurons to draw 

 nearer to Quel)ec, wherein they were 

 given asylum until peace was concluded 

 between the French and the Iroquois in 

 1666. The Hurons then withdrew from 

 the town about 5 m., wherein the fol- 

 lowing year the mission of Notre Dame 

 de Foye was founded. In 1693 the Hu- 

 rons moved 5 m. farther away on account 

 of the lack of wood and the need of 



richer lands; here the missionaries ar- 

 ranged the lodges around a square and 

 built in the middle of it a church, to 

 which Father Chaumonot added a chapel, 

 patterned after the Casa Sancta of Lorette 

 in Italy, and now known as Old Lorette. 

 iSome years later the mission was trans- 

 ferred a short distance away, where a new 

 village. Younger Lorette, or La Jeune 

 Lorette, was built. About the remains of 

 this mission still dwell the so-called Hu- 

 rons of Lorette. 



The old estimates of Huron population 

 have been previously given. After the 

 dispersal of the Huron tribes in 1649-50, 

 the Hurons who fled w. never seem to 

 have exceeded 500 ])ersons in one body. 

 Later estimates are 1,000, with 300 more 

 at Lorette (1736), 500 (1748), 850 (1748), 

 1,250 (1765), 1,500(1794-95), 1,000 (1812), 

 1,250 (1812). Only the first of these esti- 

 mates is inclusive of the "Hurons of Lor- 

 ette," Quebec, who were estimated at 300 

 in 1736, but at 455, officially, in 1904. In 

 1885 those in Indian Ter. (Oklahoma) 

 numbered 251, and in 1905, 378, making 

 a total of 832 in Canada and the United 

 States. 



Nothing definite was known of the clans 

 of the Hurons until the appearance of 

 Morgan's Ancient Society in 1877, Pow- 

 ell's Wyandot Government (1st Rep. B. 

 A. E., 1881 ), and Connolley's The Wyan- 

 dots (Arch«?ol. Rep. Ontario, 92, J899). 

 From the last writer, who corrects the 

 work of the former authorities, the fol- 

 lowing list of Huron clans is taken: Great 

 Turtle, Little Water Turtle, Mud Turtle, 

 Wolf, Bear, Beaver, Deer, Porcupine, 

 Striped Turtle, Highland Turtle, Snake, 

 and Hawk. These, according to Powell, 

 were organized into four phratries or clan 

 brotherhoods-, but Connolley denies that 

 four phratries ever existed. The evi- 

 dence appears to indicate, however, that 

 the four-phratry organization was merged 

 into one of three, of which the Wolf clan 

 constituted one and acted as executive 

 and [)residing officer. 



The Huron villages were Andiata, An- 

 goutenc, Anonatea, Arendaonatia, A rente, 

 Arontaen, Brownstown, Cahiague, Car- 

 hagouha, Carmaron, Cranetown (2 vil- 

 lages), Ekhiondatsaan, Endarahy, laen- 

 houton, Ihonatiria (St Joseph II), Jeune 

 Lorette, Junqusindundeh(?), Junundat, 

 Khioetoa, Karenhassa, Khinonascarant 

 (3 small villages so called), Lorette, 

 Ouenrio,0nentisati, Opsos.sane, Sandusky, 

 Ste Agnes, Ste Anne, St Antoine, Ste 

 Barbe, Ste Catherine, Ste Cecile, St 

 Charles (2 villages), St Denys, St Etienne, 

 St Francois Xavier, St Genevieve, St 

 Joachim, St Louis, St Martin, Ste Marie 

 (2 villages), Ste TerC-se, Scanonaenrat, 

 Taenhatentaron (St Ignace I, II), Tean- 



