BDLL. 30 J 



INDIAN 



605 



with Indilche-dentiene, ' Live in country 

 with large pine trees' (Wliite, Apache 

 Names of Indian Tribes, MS., B. A. E.), 

 a band formerly under chief Narchubeu- 

 lecolte. 



Indian. The common designation of 

 the aborigines of America. The name 

 first occurs in a letter of Columbus dated 

 Feb., 1493, wherein the discoverer speaks 

 of the Indios he had with him (F. F. 

 Hilder in Am. Anthrop., n. s., i, 545, 

 1899). It was the general belief of the 

 day, shared by Columbus, that in his 

 voyage across the Atlantic he had reached 

 India. This term, in spite of its mislead- 

 ing connotation, has passed into the lan- 

 guages of the civilized world: Indlo in 

 Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian; Ind'ien 

 in French; Indianer in German, etc. The 

 term American Indian, for which it has 

 been proposed to substitute Amerind 

 (q, V. ), is however in common use; less so 

 the objectionable term redskins, to which 

 correspond the French Pennx-rouges, 

 the German Ridliliantc. Brinton titled 

 his book on the aborigines of the New 

 World, "The American Race," but this 

 return to an early use of the word Amer- 

 ican can hardly be successful. In geo- 

 graphical nomenclature the Indian is 

 well remembered. There are Indian 

 Territory, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indian- 

 ola, Indio. B sides these, the maps and 

 gazetteers record Indian arm, bay, bayou, 

 beach, bottom, branch, brook, camp, cas- 

 tle, cove, creek, crossing, diggings, draft, 

 fall, field, fields, ford, gap, grove, gulch, 

 harbor, head, hill, hills, island; lake, 

 ■mills, mound, mountain, neck, orchard, 

 pass, point, pond, ridge, river, rock, run, 

 spring, springs, swamp, town, trace, trail, 

 valley, village, and wells, in various parts 

 of the United States and Canada. The 

 term Red Indian, applied to the Beothuk, 

 has given Newfoundland a number of 

 place names. 



Many wild plants have been called 

 ' ' Indian ' ' in order to mark them off from 

 familiar sorts. Use l)y Indians has been 

 the origin of another class of such terms. 



The following plants have been called 

 after the Indian: 



Indian apple. — The May apple, or wild 

 mand rake ( Podophyllum peltatum ) . 



Indian arroiv. — The burning bush, or 

 wahoo {Euonynms atropurpureus) . 



Indian arrow-irood. — The flowering dog- 

 wood, or cornelian tree ( Cornns forida). 



Indian balm. — The erect trillium, or ill- 

 scented wake-robin ( Trillium erectum). 



Indian bark. — The laurel magnolia, or 

 sweet bay {Magnolia rirginiana). 



Indian bean. — (1 ) The catalpa, or bean- 

 tree (Catalpacntalpa). (2) A New Jersey 

 name of the groundnut (Apios apio.<^). 



Indian heard-graas. — The bushy beard- 

 grass {Andropogon glomeratus). 



Indian bitters.^A North Carolina name 

 of the Fraser umbrella or cucumber tree 

 {Magnolia fraser i ) . 



Indian black drink. — The cassena, yau- 

 pon, black drink (q. v.), or Carolina tea 

 ( Ilex cassine ) . 



Indian boya and girls. — A western name 

 of the Dutchman's breeches {Bikukulla 

 cucullaria). 



Indian bread. — The tuckahoe (Scelero- 

 tium giganteum). 



Indian bread-root. — The prairie turnip, 

 or pomme blanche {Psoralea esculenia). 



Indian cedar. — The hop-hornbeam, or 

 iron wood {Ostrya rirginiana). 



Lidian. cherry. — (1) The service-berry, 

 or june-berry {Amelanchier canadensis). 

 (2) The Carolina buckthorn {Rhammis 

 caroliniana) . 



Indian chickweed. — The carpet- weed 

 {Mollugo verticillata) . 



Indian chief. — A western name of the 

 American cowslip or shooting-star {Do- 

 decatheon meadia). 



Indian cigar tree. — The common catalpa 

 {Catalpa catalpa), a name in use in Penn- 

 sylvania, Maryland, and the District of 

 Columbia. See Indian bean, above. 



Indian corn. — Maize {Zea mays), for 

 which an early name was Indian wheat. 



Indian cncniuber. — Medeola rirginiana, 

 also known as Indian cucumber-root. 



Indian cup. — (1) The common pitcher- 

 plant {Sarracenia purpurea). { 2) The cup- 

 plant {Silphiuin perfolialum) . 



Indian currant. — The coral-berry {Syni- 

 phoricarpos vidgaris). 



Indian dye. — The yellow puccoon or 

 orange-root (Hydrastis canadensis); also 

 known as yellow-root. 



Indian elm. — The slippery-elm ( Ulmus 

 fulra). 



Indian fig. — (1) The eastern prickly 

 pear {Opuntia opuntia). (2) Cereus gi- 

 ganteus, or saguaro, the giant cereus of 

 Arizona, California, Mexico, and New 

 Mexico. 



Indian fog. — The crooked yellow stone- 

 crop or dwarf houseleek {Seduni reflexum ) . 



Indian grarel-root. — The tall boneset or 

 joe-pye-weed {Eupatorium purpureum). 



Indian hemp. — ( 1 ) The army- root ( Apo- 

 cynum cannabinum), called also black In- 

 dian hemp. (2) The swamp milkweed 

 {Asclepias incarnala) and the hairy milk- 

 weed {A. pulchra), called also white In- 

 dian hemp. (3) A West Virginia name 

 for the yellow toad-flax (Linaria linaria). 

 (4) The velvet-leaf (Abutilon abutilon), 

 called also Indian mallow. 



Indian hippo. — The bowman' s-root (Por- 

 teranthus trifoliatus) , called also Indian 

 physic. 



Indian lemonade. — A California name, 

 according to Bergen, for the fragrant 

 sumac {Rhus trilobata). 



