BDLL. 30] INDIAN AFFAIRS INDIAN INDUSTRIES LEAGUE 



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foundland name for the red bearberry or 

 kinnikinnik {Arctustaj)hijlos iwa-ursi). 



Indian wickup. — The great willow-herb 

 or fireweed [Epilohhnn avgustifolium), 

 although Algonquian Indians called the 

 basswood ( Tilia americana) wickup. 



There are, besides, the BuUayi's dream, 

 the purple-stemmed cliff-brake {Pellaea 

 atropurpurea ) , and the Indian's plume, 

 Oswego tea {Monarda didyma). 



Another series of terms in which the 

 Indian is remembered is the following: 



Luliun bed. — A simple method of roast- 

 ing clams, by placing them, hinges up- 

 permost, on the ground, and building 

 over them a fire of brushwood. 



Indian bread. — Bread made of maize 

 meal or of maize and rye meal. 



Indian-corn hills. — (1) In Essex co., 

 Mass., according to Bartlett, hummocky 

 land resemVjling hills of Indian corn. 

 (2) Hillocks covering broad fields near 

 the ancient mounds and earthworks of 

 Ohio, Wisconsin, etc. (Lapham, Antiqui- 

 ties of Wisconsin). 



Indian dab. — A Pennsylvania name for 

 a sort of battercake. 



Indian file. — Single file; the order in 

 which Indians march. 



Indian fort. — A name given to aborig- 

 inal earthworks in w. New York, in Ohio, 

 and elsewhere. 



Indian gift. — Something reclaimed after 

 having been given, in reference to the 

 alleged custom among Indians of expect- 

 ing an equivalent for a gift or otherwise 

 its return. 



Indian giver. — A repentant giver. 



Indian ladder. — A ladder made by 

 trimming a small tree, the part of the 

 branches near the stem being left as 

 steps. 



Indian liquor. — A "Western term for 

 whisky or rum adulterated for sale to the 

 Indians. 



Indian meal. — Maize or corn meal. A 

 mixture of wheat and maize fiour was 

 called in earlier days "wheat and In- 

 dian"; one of maize and rye flour, "rye 

 and indian." 



Indian orchard. — According to Bartlett, 

 a term used in New York and Massachu- 

 setts to designate an old orchard of un- 

 grafted apple trees, the time of planting 

 being unknown. 



Indian pipesfone. — A name for catlinite 

 (q. v.), the stone of which tribes in the 

 region bf the upper Mississippi made 

 their tobacco pipes. 



Indian puddirug. — A pudding made of 

 cornmeal, molasses, etc. 



Indian reservation or reserve. — A tract of 

 land reserved by Government for the In- 

 dians. 



Indian sign. — A Western colloquialism 

 of the earlier settlement days for a trace 

 of the recent presence of Indians. 



Indian sugar. — One of the earliernames 

 for maple sugar. 



Indian summer. — TJie short season of 

 pleai^ant weather usually occurring about 

 the middle of November, corresponding 

 to the European St Marthas summer, or 

 summer of AH Saints (Albert Matthews 

 in Monthly Weather Rev., Jan., 1902). 



The name Indian appears sometimes 

 in children's games (Chamberlain in 

 Jour. Am. Folk-lore, xv, 107-116, 1902). 



In Canadian French the usual term 

 applied to the Indian was "sauvage" 

 (savage); and hence are met such terms 

 as "botte sauvage," "traine sauvage," 

 "tabagane," "the sauvage." The "Si- 

 wash" of the Pacific coast and in the 

 Chinook jargon is only a corruption of 

 the "sauvage" of French-Canadian trap- 

 pers and adventurers. (a. f. c. ) 



Indian Affairs. See Office of Lidian Af- 

 fair.'<. 



Indian Commissioners. See United States 

 Board of Indian Coniinis-'fioners. 



"Indian Helper." See Car-lisle School. 



Indian Industries League. A philan- 

 thropic organization, originally the In- 

 dian industries department of the Na- 

 tional Indian Association, but incorpor- 

 ated as an independent body at Boston, 

 Mass., in 1901. Its object is "to open 

 individual opportunities of work, or of 

 education to be used for self-support, to 

 individual Indians, and to build up self- 

 supporting industries in Indian comnm- 

 nities. " Asa department of the national 

 organization the Indian industries gained 

 its first important impetus in 18)2, when 

 it held at the Mechanics' Fair, in Boston, 

 an exhibition of Indian bead work and 

 of class-room wcrrk in iron, tin, wood, 

 leather, and lace. It has been instru- 

 mental in the education of two Indian 

 girls, who were graduated with credit 

 from the Boston High School, and has 

 helped individual educated Indians to- 

 ward self-support, having in view the fact 

 that the progress of the Iiidians toward 

 civilization is in proportion to the number 

 of their young people who have seen and 

 practised the white man's life at its best. 

 It has also helped to foster a beadwork in- 

 dustry^ aided in developing the native 

 moccasin to suit the white man; bought 

 baskets of native manufacture, paying 

 therefor a fair price to the Pima and Mis- 

 sion Indians, the basket making tribes of 

 Washington, and others, and has obtained 

 for these products places for exhibit and 

 sale. The league also erected an indus- 

 trial room for the Navaho on San Juan r., 

 N Mex., which was disposed of when the 

 plant became a mission station. In 1905 

 the presidentof theleagueofficiallv visited 

 the Mission Indians of California and 

 others, his report on the former resulting 

 in the amelioration of their extreme pov- 



