BULL. 30] 



INSIACHAK INVENTION 



611 



da'-sun-da. — Morgan, Anc. Soc, 155, 1877 (trans, 

 'thunder'). Thunder.— Ibid. Wash-a-tung. — Long. 

 Exped. Rocky Mts., i, 327, 1823 (mistaking a Han- 

 gashenii gens for the Inshtasanda division). 



Insiachak. A Nushagagmiut Eskimo 

 village in the Nushagak district, Alaska; 

 pop. 42 in 1890. 

 Insiachamiut, —Eleventh Census, Alaska, 164, 1893. 



Intanto. A former Nishinam village in 

 the valley of Bear r., Cal. — Powers in 

 Cont. N. A. Ethnol., iii, 316, 1877. 



Intapupshe {I>'tahpii pce^ , 'curved 

 stone ' ) . An ancient Osage village on 

 u;)per Osage r., above the mouth of Sac 

 r.. Mo. — Dorsey, Osage MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1883. 



Intatchkalgi ('people of the beaver 

 dams.' — Gatschet). A former Yuchi 

 town on Opihlako cr., 28 m. above its 

 junction with Flint r., probably in Dooly 

 CO., Ga. It contained 14 families in 1799. 

 Intatchkalgi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., I, 132, 

 1884. In-tuch-cul-gau.— Hawkins (1799), Sketch, 

 62, 1848. 



Intenleiden. A Kaiyuhkhotana village 

 of the Jugelnute divit-ion on the e. bank 

 of Shageluk r. , Alaska. 



Iltenleiden. — Zagoskin quoted by Petroff in 10th 

 Census, Alaska, 37, 1884. Imtelleiden, — Zagoskin 

 in Nouv. Ann. Voy.. 5th s., xxi, map, 18.50. In- 

 tenleiden. — Zagoskin, Descr. Ru.ss. Poss. Am., 

 map, 1842. 



Interpreters. See Agency system. 



Intietook (Liti-etook). Given by Ross 

 (Advent., 290, 1847) as an Okinagan tribe. 



Intimbich. A Mono band in Mill Creek 

 valley, some miles s. of its junction with 

 Kings r., Cal. 



Em-tim'-bitch. — Merriam in Science, xix, 916, 

 June 15, lii04. Entimbich. — A. L. Kroeber, inf n, 

 1906 (correct form). Eu-tem-pe-che's. — Wessells 

 (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sc.-s., 

 32, 1857. In-tem-peach-es. — Johnston (1851) in 

 Sen. Ex. Doc. 61, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 22, 18.52. In- 

 tim-peach,— Royce in 18th Rep. B. A. E., 782, 1899. 

 In-tim-peches. — Barbour (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 

 4, 32d Cong., spec, se s., 2.54, 1853. Ytimpabiches.— 

 D^minguez and Escalante (1776) in Doc. Hist. 

 Mex., 2d s., I, 637, 1854. 



Inuarudligang. A race of dwarfs who 

 figure in the mythology of the Central 

 Eskimo. They are supposed to inhabit 

 cliffs that overhang the sea. — ^oas in 6th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 640, 1888. 



Inugsiut. An Eskimo settlement in e. 

 Greenland, about lat. 61° 50^; pop. 32 in 

 1884.— Das Ausland, 163, 1886. 



Inugsulik. A summer settlement of the 

 Aivilirmiut Eskimo on the n. coast of 

 Repulse bay, n. of Hudson bay. 

 Enook-sha-lig.— Ross, Second Voy., 430, 1835. 

 Inugsulik. — Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., map, 1888. 



Inuhksoyistamiks ( In -uliU - so-yi- stiim- 

 iks, 'long tail lodge poles'). A band of 

 the Kainah divisionof theSiksika. — Grin- 

 nell, Blackfoot Lodge Tales, 209, 1892. 



Inuissuitmiut. An Eskimo tribe that 

 occupied Depot id. and the adjacent coast 

 of Hudson bay before 1800. The last 

 descendant died some vears ago. — Boas 

 in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xv, 6, 1901. 



Inuksikahkopwaiks ( I-nuk-sV-kah-ko- 

 piva-lLs, 'small brittle fat'). A division 

 of the riegan Siksika. — Grinnell, Black- 

 foot Lodge Tales, 209, 225, 1892. 



Inuksiks (' small robes'). A former 

 division of the Piegan Siksika. 

 A-miks'-eks. — Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. 

 Val., 264, 1862. I-nuks'-iks.— Grinnell. Blackfoot 

 Lodge Tales, 209, 1892. little Robes.— Cuibertson 

 in Smithson. Rep. 1850, 144, ISol. Small Robes.— 

 Grinnell, op. cit., 225._ 



Invention, In the language of the Pat- 

 ent Office "an invention is something 

 new and useful." The word applies to 

 the apparatus of human activities and to 

 tne processes involved. The life of cul- 

 ture from the lowest savagery to the 

 highest civilization is an increase in the 

 artificialities of life. There were no tribes 

 in America without culture, and the low- 

 est of them had inventions. For in.stance, 

 the Fuegians had learned to convert the 

 fish-spear into a barl)ed harpoon by fas- 

 tening the detachable head, which was 

 set loosely in the socket, to the end of a 

 shaft by means of a short piece of raw- 

 hide. They had also invented a canoe of 

 Ijark made in three pieces. When they 

 wished to move to a new bay or inlet 

 between which and the last there was a 

 dangerous headland, they could take the 

 canoe apart, carry it over the intervening 

 mountain, and unite the parts by lashing, 

 covering the joints with pitch. The most 

 ingenious savages on the continent, how- 

 ever, were the Eskimo, all of whose ap- 

 paratus used in their various activities 

 show innumerable additions and changes, 

 which are inventions. They lived sur- 

 rounded by the largest animals in the 

 world, which they were al)le to capture 

 by their ingenuity. Their snow domes, 

 waterproof clothing, skin canoes, sinew- 

 backed bows, snowshoes, traps and snares 

 in myriad varieties, some of which 

 they shared with neighboring Indian 

 tribes, amaze those who study them. 

 Among other ingenious devices which 

 would pass under the name of inventions 

 are: the use of skids by the N. W. coast 

 natives for rolling logs into place in build- 

 ing their immense communal dwellings; 

 the employment of the parbuckle to assist 

 in the work of moving logs; the use of a 

 separate fly of rawhide at the top of the 

 tipi, which could be moved by means of 

 a pole with one end resting on the ground, 

 so that the wind would not drive the 

 smoke back into the tipi; driving a peg 

 of known length into the side of a canoe 

 as a gauge for the adzman in chipping out 

 the inside; the boiling of food in baskets 

 or utensils of wood, gourd, or rawhide, by 

 means of hot stones: the attachment of 

 inflated sealskins to the end of a harpoon 

 line to impede the progress of o^ame 

 through the water after it was struck, the 

 sinew-backed bow, which enabled the 

 Eskimo hunter to employ brittle wood 

 for the rigid portion and sinew string for 

 propulsion; the continuous tootion spin- 

 dle; the reciprocating drill; thesandsaw 

 for hard stone, and all sorts of signaling 

 and sign language. See Arts and Indus- 



