BULL. 30] 



IROQUOIS 



619 



1689 it was estimated that tliey had 2,250 

 warriors, who were reduced by war, 

 disease, and defections to Canada, to 

 1,230 in ](i98. Their losses were largely 

 made up by their system of wholesale 

 adoption, which was carried on to such 

 an extent that at one time their adopted 

 aliens were reported to equal or exceed 

 the number of native Iroquois. Disre- 

 garding the extraordinary estimates of 

 some early writers, it is evident that the 

 modern Iroquois, instead of decreasing 

 in population, have increased, and num- 

 ber more at present than at any former 

 period. On account of the defection of 

 the Catholic Iroquois and the omission 

 of the Tuscarora from the estimates it 

 was impossible to get a statement of the 

 full strength of the Iroquois until within 

 recent times. About the middle of the 

 17th century the ¥\\e Nations were sup- 

 posed to have reached their highest 

 point, and in 1677 and 1685 thev were 

 estimated at about 16,000. In 1689 they 

 were estimated at about 12,850, but in 

 the next 9 years they lost more than half 

 by war and by desertions to Canada. The 

 most accuiate estimates for the 18th cen- 

 tury gave to the Six Nations and their 

 colonies about 10,000 or 12,000 souls. In 

 1774 thev were estimated at 10,000 to 

 12,500. in 1904 they numl)ered about 

 16,100, including more than 3,000 mixed- 

 bloods, as follows: 



In Ontario: Iroquois and Algonkin at 

 Watha (Gibson), 139 (about one-half 

 Iroquois) ; Mohawk of the Bav of Quinte, 

 1,271; Oneida of the Thames, 770; Six 

 Nations on Grand r. , 4,195 (including 

 about 150 Delawares). In Quebec: Iro- 

 quois of Caughnawaga, 2,074; of St Ke- 

 gis, 1,426; of Lake of Two ]\Iountains, 

 393. Total in Canada, about 10,418. 



The Iroquois of New York in 1904 

 were distributed as follows: Onondaga 

 and S neca on Allegany res., 1,041; 

 Cayuga, Onondaga, and Seneca on Catta- 

 raugus res., 1,456; Oneida on Oneida res., 

 150; Oneida and Onondaga on Onondaga 

 res., 513; St Regis res., 1,208; Cayugaand 

 Seneca on Tonawanda res., 512; Onon- 

 daga and Tuscarora on Tuscarora res., 

 410. Total 5,290. 



In 1905 there were also 366 Indians 

 classed as Seneca under the Seneca 

 Sc'hool, Okla. 



The Algonquian and other Indians in- 

 cluded with the Iroquois are probably 

 outnumbered l)y the Caughnawaga and 

 others in the Canadian N. W. who are 

 not separately enumerated. 



The following villages were Iroquois, 

 but the particular tribes to which they 

 belonged are either unknown or are col- 

 lective: Adjouquay, Allaquippa, Anpua- 

 qun, Aquatsagana, Aratumquat, Awegen, 

 Blackleg's Village, Buckaloon, Cahun- 



ghage, Canowdowsa, Caughnawaga, Char- 



tierstown, Chemegaide, Chenango, Chin- 

 klacamoose, Chugnut, Churamuk, Codo- 

 coraren, Cokanuck, Conaquanosshan, 

 Conejoholo.Conemaugh, Conihunta, Con- 

 nosomothdian, Conoytown ( mixed Conoy 

 and Iroquois), Coreorgonel (mixed), 

 Cowawago, Cussewago, Ganadoga, Gana- 

 garahhare, Ganasarage, (laneraske, Gan- 

 neious, Gannentaha, Glasswanoge, Gosh- 

 goshunk (mixed). Grand River Indians, 

 Hickorytown (mixed), Janundat, Jed- 

 akne, Johnstown, Jonondes, Juniata, 

 Juraken (2), Kahendohon, Kanaghsaws, 

 Kannawalohalla, Kanesadageh, Kara- 

 ken, Karhationni, Karhawenradon, 

 Kayehkwarageh, Kaygen, Kente, Kick- 

 enapawling, Kiskiminetas, Kittaning, 

 Kuskuski (mixed), Lawunkhannek, 

 Logstown, Loyalhannon (?), Mahusque- 

 chikoken, Mahican, Mahoning, Manck- 

 atawangum, Matchasaung, Middletown, 

 Mingo Town, Mohanet, Nescopeck, 

 Newtown (4 settlements), Newtychan- 

 ing, Octageron, Ohrekionni, Onaweron, 

 Onkwe lyede, Opolopong, Oquaga, Ose- 

 wingo, Oskawaserenhon, Ostonwackin, 

 Oswegatchie, Otiahanague, Otsiningo, 

 Otskwirakeron, Ousagwentera, Owego, 

 Faille Coupee, Pluggy's Town, Punx- 

 atawney, Runonvea, Saint Regis, Saw- 

 cunk, Schoharie, Schohorage, Sconassi, 

 Scoutash's Town, Seneca Town, Sevege, 

 Sewickly's Old Town, Shamokin, Shan- 

 nopin, Shenango, Sheshequin, Sheo- 

 quage, Sittawingo, Skannayutenate, Ske- 

 handowa, Solocka, Swahadowri, Taiaia- 

 gon, Tewanondadon, Tioga, Tohoguses 

 Cabins, Tonihata, Tullihas. Tuscarora, 

 Tuskokogie, Tutelo, Unadilla, Venango, 

 Wakatomica, Wakerhon, Wauteghe, 

 Yoghroonwago, Youcham. Catholic mis- 

 sions among the Iroquois were: Caughna- 

 waga, Indian Point, La INIontagne, La 

 Prairie, Oka, Oswegatchie, St Regis, and 

 Sault an Recollet. For the other Iroquois 

 settlements, see under the several tribal 

 names. (j. n. b. h. ) 



Acquinoshionee. — Sclioolcrnft, Ind. Tribes, in, 517i 

 lSr3. Acquinushionee. — Sfhoolcraft in Proe. N. Y. 

 Hist. Sue, 80, 1M4. Aganuschioni.— Maeauley, N. 

 Y., II, 185, 1829. Agoneaseah.— Ibid. Agonnon- 

 sionni. — Charlevoix (1744) quoted by Drake, Bk. 

 Inds., bk. v, 3. 1848. Agonnousioni. — MeKeiiney 

 and Hall, Ind. Tribes, in, 79, 1854. Agonn- 

 Eionni. — Clark, Onondaga, I, 19, 1849. Akonon- 

 sionni. — Brinton, Lenape Leg., 255, 1885. Akwi- 

 noshioni.— Sehoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 138, 1857. 

 Aquanoschioni. — Barton, New Views, app., 7, 1798. 

 Aquanuschioni. — Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. v, 4, 1848. 

 Aquanuschionig. — Valer, Mith., ]>t. 3. sec. 3, 309, 

 1816. Aquinoshioni. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vi, 

 188, ]S,'i7. Aquinushionee.— Ibid., Ill, 532, 1853. 

 Caenoestoery. — Schnvler (U;;i9) in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., IV, .5(;3. l,s.'.4." Canaghkonje.— Dellius(1697), 

 ibid., 280. Canaghkouse. — Ibid. Cannassoone. — 

 Doc. of 1695, ibi<l , 122. Cannissoone.— Ibid., 

 120. Cannossoene. — Gov. of Can. (1695), ibid., 

 122. note. Canossoene. — Doe. of 1695, ibid., 120. 

 Canossoone. — Ibid. Canton Indians. — Fletcher 

 (lG9:i), ibid., 33. Coenossoeny.— Ibid,, .563, note. 

 Confederati Indians. — .lohnson (1760), ibid., vil, 

 432. Confederate Nations. — Mt Johnson conf. 



