BULL. 30] 



KAKLIAKLIA. KALAPOOIAN FAMILY 



645 



St Cosme (1699) in Shea, Earlj; Voy., 60, 1861. 

 Kasquinanipo. — Tonti (ca. 1690) in French, Hist; 

 Coll. La.. I, 82, 1846. 



Kakliaklia. A Koyukukhotana village 

 of 26 people on the Koyukuk, at the mouth 

 of Sukloseanti r., Alaska. 

 Kakhlyakhlyakakat. — Zagoskin, Desc. Rus.*!. Poss. 

 Am., map, 1848. Kakliakhliakat. — Zagoskin 

 quoted bv Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 37, 1884. 

 Kakliaklia.— Baker, Geog. Diet. Alaska, 1902. 

 Kakliakliakat.— Tikhmenief (1861) quoted by 

 Baker, ibid. Kikliakliakakate. — Zagoskin in 

 Nouv. Ann. Voy., 5th s., xxi, map, 18.50. 



Kakonak. A Kiatagmiut E.skimo vil- 

 lage on the s. shore of lliamna lake, Alas- 

 ka; pop, 28 in 1890. 

 Kakhonak.— Eleventh Census, Alaska, 164, 1893. 



Kakonkaruk {kakon, a species of hawk; 

 ka, locative; ruk, 'house.' — Kroeber). 

 A village of the Kumsen, a division of the 

 Costanoan family, formerly at Sur, on the 

 coast, 20 m. s. of Monterey, Cal. 



Cakanaruk.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. 

 Kakontaruk. — A. L. Kroeber, inf'n, 1906. 



Kakos-hit-tan {Qaq.'o^s Jut tan, 'people 

 of man's-feet house'). A subdivision of 

 the Shunkukedi (q. v. ), a Tlingit division 

 at Klawak, Alaska. (j. b. s. ) 



Kakouchaki (irova. kakou, 'porcupine'). 

 A small Montagnais tribe formerly living 

 on StJohn lake, Quebec. They frequently 

 visited Tadoussac with other northern 

 tribes and were occasionally visited in 

 their countrv by the missionaries. 

 Kacouchakhi.— Can. Ind. Aff., 40, 1879. KakSa- 

 zakhi.— Jes. Rel. for iq,41, 57, 1858. Kakouchac— 

 Ibid., 1672, 44. Kakouchakhi.— Ibid., 1643, 38. 

 Kakouchaki. — Champlain, Oiuvres, ii, 21, note, 

 1870. Nation des Pore epics.— Jes. Rel. for 1638, 24, 

 1858. Nation of the Porcupine.— Winsor, Cartier to 

 Frontenac, 171, 1894. Porcupine Tribe.— Charle- 

 voix, Hist. N. France, ii, 118, 1866. 



Kaksine {Qdk'sine). A Squawmish vil- 

 lage community on Manuiknm cr., left 

 bank of Squawmisht r., Brit. Col. — Hill- 

 Tout in Rep. Brit. A. A. S., 474, 1900. 



Kaku (Kd-k'u). A former Yaquina 

 village on the s. sideof Yaquina r., Oreg. — 

 Dorsey in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, iii, 229, 

 1890. 



Kakaak. A Nushagagmiut Eskimo vil- 

 lage 60 m. up Nushagakr., Alaska; pop. 

 104 in 1880, 45 in 1890. 



Kakuak.— Petroff, Rep. on Alaska, 47, 1881. Kak- 

 wok.— Coast Surv. map, 11th Census, Alaska, 1893. 



Kaknguk. A former Aleut village on 

 Agattu id., Alaska, one of the Near id. 

 group of the Aleutians, now uninhabited. 



Kakuiak. A Kuskwogmiut p]skimo vil- 

 lage on Kuskokwim r., Alaska; pop. 8 in 

 1880. 



Kakhuiyagamute. — Petroff in 10th Census, Alaska, 

 17, \>^^4. 



Kalanunyi {Kd^laninVi/i, ' raven place ' ) . 

 Oneof the five districts or "towns" which 

 Col. William H. Thomas, in his capacity of 

 agent for the Eastern Cherokee, laid off 

 on the E. Cherokee res., in Swain and 

 Jackson cos., N. C, after the removal of 

 the rest of the tribe to Indian Ter. in 1 838. 

 The name is still retained. (.f. m. ) 



Big Cove.— Mooney ii 19th Rep., B. A. E., 161, 524, 

 1900. Ka'lanun'yi.— Ibid. (tUierokee name: 'Ra- 

 ven place ') . Raventown. — Ibid. 



Kalapooian Family. A group of tribes for- 

 merly occupying the valley of Willamette 

 r., N. w. Oreg., and speaking a distinct 

 stock language (see Powell in 7th Rep. B. 

 A. E., 81, 1891 ). Little is known of their 

 history, but they seem to have confined 

 themselves to the territory mentioned, 

 except in the case of one tribe, the Yon- 

 kalla, which pushed southward to the val- 

 ley of the Umpqua. The earliest accounts 

 describe a numerous population in AVilla- 

 mette valley, which is one of the most 

 fertile in the N. W. ; but the Kalapooian 

 tribes appear to have suffered severe losses 

 by epidemic disease about 1824, and since 

 that time they have been numerically 

 weak. They are also described as being 

 indolent and sluggish in character, vet 

 they seem to have been able to hold their 

 territoryagainst the attempts of surround- 

 ing tribes to dispossess them. They were 

 at constant war with the coast peoples 

 and also suffered nuich at the hands of 

 the white pioneers. Game, in which the 

 country abounded, and roots of various 

 kinds constituted their chief food supply. 

 Unlike most of the Indians of that region 

 they did not depend on salmon, which 

 are unable to ascend the Willamette above 

 the falls, and at which point the Kala- 

 pooian territory ended. Of the general 

 customs of the group there is little infor- 

 mation. Slavery existed in a modified 

 form, marriage was by purchase and was 

 accompanied by certain curious ceremo- 

 nials (Gatschet in Jour. Am. Folk-lo-e, 

 XII, 212, 1899), and flattening of the head 

 by fronto-occipital pressure was practised. 

 The language is sonorous, the verb ex- 

 cessively complex, few prefixes being 

 used, and the words are distinguished by 

 consonantal endings. 



By treaty of Calapooia cr., Oreg., Nov. 

 29, i854, the Umpqua and Kalapooian 

 tribes of Umpqua valley ceded their lands 

 to the United States, tlie tract, however, 

 to constitute a reserve for these and other 

 tribes, unless the President should decide 

 to locate them elsewhere. This removal 

 was effected, and the entire tract was re- 

 garded as ceded. By treaty at Dayton, 

 Oreg., Jan. 22, 1855, the Calapooya and 

 confederated bands of Willamette valley 

 ceded the entire drainage area of Willa- 

 mette r., the Grande Ronde res. being 

 set aside for them and other bands by 

 Executive order of June .SO, 1857. By 

 agreement June 27, 1901, confirmed Apr. 

 21, 1904, the Indians of (^rande Ronde 

 res. ceded all the unallotted lands of said 

 reservation. The Kalapooian bands at 

 Grande Ronde numbered 351 in 1880, 

 164 in 1890, 130 in 1905. There are also 

 a few representatives of the stock under 

 the Siletz agency. 



It is probable that in early times the 

 tribes and divisions of this family were 



