648 



KALULEK KAMIAKEK 



[B. A. E. 



Kalulek. A Kaviagrmiut Eskimo vil- 

 lage at P(jrt Clareiu-e, Alaska. 

 Kalulegeet.— Eleventh Census, Ala.ska, 162, 1893. 



Kaluplo ( Ka'-ln-}iU>. ) A former ^ishi- 

 nam village in the valley of Bearr., Cal — 

 Powers in Cont. N. A. EthiioL, iii, 316, 

 1877. 



Eamaiakan {KamaVdkan). The prin- 

 cipal chief of the Yakima and confederate 

 tribes of e. Washington under the treaty 

 of 1855, and leader in the war which 

 began a few months later and continued 

 for 3 years. He appears to have been 

 himself a Yakima. In consequence of 

 the heavy immigration to Oregon and 

 the discovery of gold in the Colville and 

 Coeur d'Alene country of n. e. Washing- 

 ton and adjacent Idaho, in the spring of 

 1855, (tov. Stevens, of Washington, was in- 

 structed to negotiate treaties for cession 

 of territory with the various tribes of the 

 region, with the purpo-ecf limiting them 

 to reservations. Led by Kamaiakan the 

 Indians offered strong opposition to any 

 arrangement which woulil deprive them 

 of any portion of the lands or allow light 

 of way to the wliites. After considera- 

 ble difficulty treaties were made with a 

 number of the tribes, largely through the 

 assistance of a majority of the Nez Perct's, 

 but it soon became evident that practi- 

 cally the entire body of the Cayuse, Ya- 

 kima, Wallawalla, Paloos, Spokan, and 

 others were bitterly opposed to removal 

 from their homes or confinement to res- 

 ervations. In the meantime, although 

 the treaties were not yet ratified and no 

 time had been designatt-d for the removal, 

 settlers and miners began to overrun the 

 Indian lands and collisions became fre- 

 quent. In Sept., 1855, the war began 

 with the killing of special agent Sohon 

 while on his way to arrange a conference 

 with Kamaiakan, who now publicly de- 

 clared his intention to keep all whites out 

 of the upper country by force and to 

 make war also on any tribe refusing to 

 join him. The first regular engagement 

 occurred, Oct. 4 and 5, on the southern 

 edge of Simcoe valley, between a de- 

 tachment of 84 regulars under ]V1aj. Hal- 

 ler and a large force of Indians led by 

 Kamaiakan himself. The troops were 

 finally obliged to retire, although the 

 Indian loss was thought to be the greater. 

 By this time it was believed that 1,500 

 hostiles were in the field, and the rising 

 now spread to the tribes in w. Washing- 

 ton as well as among those of s. Oreuon, 

 and even including some of the coast In- 

 dians of s. Alaska. The principal leader 

 in w. Washington was Leschi (q. v. ). In 

 Sept., 1856, another conference was held 

 near Wallawalla with some of the chiefs, 

 but to no purpose, Kamaiakan refusing to 

 attend and those present refusing all tf^rms 

 except the evacuation of the territory by 

 the whites. The war went on, with nu- 



merous raids, murders, and small engage- 

 ments by regulars and volunteers. In the 

 next year, 1857, the rising was brought 

 under control w. of the Cascade mts., sev- 

 eral of the leaders being hanged An in- 

 cident of the war in this quarter was a 

 determined attack on Seattle, Jan. 25, 

 1856. which was repulsed by a naval force 

 stationed in the harbor at the time. 



On May 17, 1858, a strong force of dra- 

 goons under Col. Steptoe was defeated a 

 few miles from the present site of Colfax, 

 N. w. Washington, l)y a combined force of 

 Paloos, Spokan, and Skitswish (Coeur 

 d' Alenes), but a few months later the war 

 was brought to a close by two decisive 

 defeats inflicted by Col. George Wright, 

 with more than 700 cavalry, infantry, 

 and artillery, on the main body of the 

 hostiles led ])y Kamaiakan himself. The 

 engagements took place Sept. 1 and 5 

 near Four Lakes, on a s. tributary of Spo- 

 kane r. Besides their killed and wound- 

 ed, the Indians lost 800 hor.ses, having 

 already lost large quantities of winter sup- 

 l)lies, and burned their own village to save 

 it from capture. Kamaiakan was among 

 the wounded. On the 17th Wright dic- 

 tated t?rms to the hostiles at a conference 

 near Coeur d' Alene mission. Thedefeated 

 Indians, being no longer capable of resis- 

 tance, were trcate<l with great severity, 24 

 of the leading chiefs of the various tribes 

 being either hanged or shot. Kamaiakan 

 refused to sue for peace, but crossed the 

 border into Brttish Columbia, where he 

 finallvended his days. Consult Bancroft, 

 Hist. "Wash., Idaho, and Montana, 1890, 

 and authorities cited; Stevens, Life of 

 I. I. Stevens, 1900. (j. m.) 



Kamass. See Camas. 



Kamatukwucha {Kd'matuk uiVtcd, 'be- 

 low the Estrella mts. ' ). A Pima village 

 at(iila crossing, s. Ariz. — Russell, Pima 

 MS.. B. A. E., 18, 1902. 



Kamegli. A Ku^kwogmiut Eskimo vil- 

 lage on the right bank of Kuskokwim r., 

 above Bethel, Alaska. 



Kameglimut.— Kilbuck (1898) quoted by Baker, 

 Geog. Diet. Ala-ka. 1902. 



Kamenakshtchat. A former important 

 Chitimacha town at Bayou du Plomb, 

 near Bayou Chene, 18 m. n. of Charen- 

 ton, La. 



Eame naksh tchat namu. — Gatschet in Trans. An- 

 throp. S(ie. Wash., ll, 152, 1883 (tchat, 'bayou'; 

 naiiiii, ' village'). 



Kamiah. A Nez Perce band formerly 

 living at the site of the present town of 

 Kamiah, Idaho. It is mentioned by Lewis 

 and Clark in 1805 as a band' of the Cho- 

 })nnnish and numbering 800 people who 

 lived in large lodges. 



Kamia.— Gatschet, MS.,B. A. E.,1878. Kamiah.— 

 Howard, Nez Perce Joseph, 19, 1885. Kimmooe- 

 nim.— .Morse, Rep. to. Sec. War, 369, 1822 Kimoe- 

 nims.— Drake. Bk. Inds., vii, 1848. Kimooenim. — 

 Lewis and Clark, Exped., ii, 471, 1814. Ki-moo-e- 

 nim.— Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 115, 1905. 



Kamiaken. See Kamaiakan. 



