BULL. SO] 



KANSA 



655 



pieces, which are upheld by the pillars 

 of the two series, and are of sufficient 

 length to reach nearly to the summit. 

 These poles are very numerous, and, 

 agreeably to the position which we have 

 indicated, they are placed ali round in 

 a radiating manner, and su])port the roof 

 like rafters. Across these are laid long 

 and slender sticks or twigs, attached par- 

 allel to each other by means of bark cord; 

 these are covered by mats made of long 

 grass, or reeds, or with the bark of trees; 

 the whole is then covered completely 

 over with earth, which, near the ground, 

 is banked up to the eaves. A hole is 

 permitted to remain in the middle of the 

 roof to give exit to the smoke [see Earth 

 lodge]. Around the walls of the interior a 

 continuous series of mats are suspended; 

 these are of neat workmanship, composed 

 of a soft reed united by bark cord in straight 

 or undulated lines, between which lines 

 of black paint sometimes occur. The 

 bedsteads are elevated to the height of a 

 common seat from the ground, and are 

 about 6 ft wide; they extend in an un- 

 interrupted line around three-fourths of 

 the circumference of the apartment, and 

 are formed in the simplest manner of 

 numerous sticks or slender pieces of 

 wood, resting at their ends on cross- 

 pieces, which are supported by short 

 notched or forked posts driven into the 

 ground; bison skins supply them with a 

 comfortable bedding." Eestriction of 

 marriage according to gentes has always 

 been strictly observed by the Kansa. 

 When the eldest daughter of a family 

 married, she controlled the lodge, her 

 mother, and all her sisters, the latter be- 

 ing always the wives of the same man. 

 On the death of the husband the widow 

 became the wife of his eldest brother with- 

 out ceremony; if there was no brother the 

 widow was left free to select her next hus- 

 band. 



The Kansa gentes as given bv Dorsey 

 (15th Rep. B. A. E., 230, 1897") are: 1, 

 Manyinka (earth lodge); 2, Ta (deer); 3, 

 Panka ( Ponca) ; 4, Kanze ( Kansa) ; 5, Wa- 

 sabe (black bear); 6, Wanaghe (ghost); 

 7, Kekin (carries a turtle on his back); 8, 

 Minkin (carries the sun on his back); 9, 

 Upan (elk); 10, Khuva (white eagle); 

 11, Han (night); 12, Ibache (holds' the 

 firebrand to sacred pipes); 13, Hanga- 

 tanga (large Hanga); 14, Chedunga (l)uf- 

 falo bull); 15, Chizhuwashtage (Chizliu 

 peacemaker); 16, Lunikashinga( thunder- 

 being people). These gentes constitute 

 7 phratries. 



The following were some of the Kansa 

 villages, their names having been gained 

 chiefly through the investigati(jns of Rev. 

 J. O. Dorsoy, but in only a few cases are 

 their locations known: Bahekhube, Che- 

 ghulin (2), Djestyedje, Gakhulin, Gakhu- 



linulinbe, Igamansabe, Inchi, Ishtakhe- 

 chidiiba, Manhazitanman, Manhazulin, 

 Manhazulintanman, Manyinkatuhuudje, 

 Neblazhetama, Niudje, Padjegadjin, Pa- 

 sulin, Tanmangile, Waheheyiiii:etseyabe, 

 Wazhazhepa, Yuzhemakancheubukhpa- 

 ye, Zandjezhinga, Zandjulin, and Zha- 

 nichi. 



Alaho. — Mooney, inf n (Kiowa name). Ansaus. — 

 Tnimbull, Ind". Wars, 185, 1851 (misprint). Can- 

 ceze.— Coues, Lewis and Clark Exped., i, xxv, 

 note, 189:i. Cancezs. — Lewis (180(1) in Orig. Jour. 

 Lewis and Clark, vn, 336, 1905. Can hez.— Le 

 Page Du Pratz, Hist. La., ll, 251, 17.58. Canips.— 

 Lewis, Trav., 3, 1809. Cans. — Maximilian, Trav., 

 119, 1813 (so called by tiie French). C nsa.— Har- 

 ris, Vo . and Trav., I, map, 685, 1705. Causes. — 

 Smith, Bouquet Exped., 70, 1766. Canses.— Iber- 

 ville (1702) in Margry, Dec, IV, 601, 1880. Can- 

 sez.— Charlevoix, Voy. N. Am., ii, 168, 1766. 

 Canzas.— Le Page Du Pratz, Hist. La., 301, 1774. 

 Canzes.— Bienville (1722) in Margry, Dec, vi,387, 

 1886. Canzez.— Le Page Du Pratz, Hist. La., I, 324, 

 1758. Caugh.— Whitehonse (1804) in Orig. Jour. 

 Lewis and Clark, vii, 40, 1905. Cauzes.— Trum- 

 bull, Ind. Wars, 185, 1851. Caw.— Earn ham, Trav. 

 West. Prairies, 14, 1843. Ercansaques. — Salmeron 

 quoted by Dunbarin Mag. Am. Hist., iv. 280, 1880. 

 Escanjaques. — Vetancurt (1693), Teatro Mex., iii, 

 303, repr. 1871. Escansaques. — Zarate-Salmeron 

 (ca. 1629), Relacion, in Land of Sunshine, 45, Dec. 

 1899 (the original form of this name; po.ssibly the 

 Kansa). E canxaques.— Shea (1662), Penalosa, 29, 



1882 (supposed by Shea to be Comanche). Es- 

 quansaques.— Ladd, Story of N. Mex., 109, 1891. 

 Estanxaques.— Shea, Penalosa, 83, 1882. Excan- 

 jaque.— Zarate-Salmeron quoted by Bancroft, 

 Nat. Races, i, 599, 1882 Excausaquex.— Colum- 

 bus Memor., 157, 1893 (misprint). Hutanga. — 

 Dorsey, Kansa MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1882 (own 

 name). Ka Anjou. — Bowen, Am. Discov. by the 

 Welsh, 92, 1876. Ka Anzou.— Ibid, (called Chick- 

 asaw name; trans, 'first men'). Kah.— Orig. 

 Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 81, 1905 (given as 

 French traders' name). Kah.— Lewis and Clark, 

 Discov., 13, 1806. Kamse.— N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., 

 IX, 1057, 1S.55. Kancas.— La Potherie, Hist. Am., 

 II, 271, 17.53. Kances.— Du Lac, Voy. dans les 

 Louisianes, vi, 1805. Kans.— Pike, Exped., 123, 

 1810. Kansa.— Ex. Doc 56, 18th Cong., 1st sess, 9, 

 1824. Kansse. — Coxe, Carolana, 11, 1741. Kan- 

 sas.— Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark (1S04), i, 60, 1904. 

 Kanse.— La Harpe (1722) in Margry, Dec, vi, 365, 

 1886. Kanse.— Dorsey, O.sage MS. vocab., B. A. E., 



1883 (Osage and Quapaw name). Kanses. — Iber- 

 ville(1702) in Margry, Dec, I v, 599, 1880. Kansez.— 

 Anville, map N.Am. ,17.52. Kansies.— Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, in. 5.57, 1853. Kantha.— Hamilton in 

 Trans. Nebr. Hist. Soc, 1,73, 1885 (Iowa name). 

 Kants.— Smet, Oregon Miss., 161, 1847. Kanzas.— 

 Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark (1804), I, 67, 1904. 

 Kanzeis.— Whitehonse (1805), ibid., vil, 189, 1905. 

 Kanzes. — Lewis and Clark, ibid., Vl, 84. Kar'-sa. — 

 Lewisand' lark, Discov., 13, 1806. Karsea.— Orig. 

 Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 84, 1905 (given as their 

 own name). Kasas. — Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, ir, 

 37, 1853. Kathagi.— Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. (Shaw- 

 nee name). Kauf as. —Dorsey in Am. Antiq., 1, 186, 

 1879 (misprint). Ka zau.— M'Coy, Ann. Reg., no. 

 2, 4, 1836. Kaws.— Gregg, Commerce of Prairies, 

 I, 41, 1844. Kaw'-sa.— Huffaker (1873), inf'n com- 

 municated by G. P. Morehou.-e, 1906 (own name). 

 Kaw'-za.— Morgan, Aiic. Soc, 1.56, 1877. Konaz— . 

 Latham, Philol. and Ethnol. Essays, 296, 1860 

 (misprint). Konsa.— Gatschet, Kaw vocab., 27, 

 B. A. E , 1878. Kon-ses.— Hunter, Captiv. among 

 Inds., 18, 1^23. Konza.— Maximilian Trav., 119, 

 1843. Korzas.— Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., i. 111, 

 1823. les pan cake.— Shea, Penalosa, 21. note, 1882 

 (=Les kan<akt'=Escanxaques). Mohtawas. — ten 

 Kate, Reizen in N. Am., 383, 1885 (Comanche 

 name). Mo"tawar.— ten Kate, Synonymic, 9, 1884 

 (Comanche name: ' without a lock of hair on the 

 forehead'). Okames. — Morgan in N. An .R" v., 45, 

 1870. OkamF.— N. Y. Doc Col. Hist., ix, 10.57, 1855. 

 Okanis.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 557, 1853. 



