BDLL. 30] 



KAPOZHA KAKAISTKAWA 



657 



TaJes of N. W., 197, 1830. Kahpozhay.— McKen- 

 nev and IIall,Ind. Tribes, I, 3U3, ]Sri4. Kapoga.— 

 Neill in Minn. Hist. Coll., I, 263, 1872. Kapoja.— 

 Long, Exped. St l^eters !{., i, 3S3, 1824. Kapo'ja.— 

 DorseyinlSthRep.B. A. E.,215,1897. Ka-po-sias.— 

 Ramsay in Ind. AtT. Rep., 81, 1850. Kapota. — 

 Ansland,462, 1887. Ka-po'-za.— Riggs, Dak. Gram, 

 and Diet., 118, 1852. 'Kapozha.— Williamson in 

 Minn. Geol. Rep., 107, 1884. Little Crow's band.— 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 118, 1850. Petit Corbeau's band.— 

 Long, Exped. St Peters R., 380, 1824. Tahohyahtay- 

 dootah.— Neill, Hist. Minn., 589, 1858 (' his scarlet 

 people': real name of Little Crow). Ta-o-ya-te- 

 du-ta.— Ibid., 144, note. 



Kapozha. A band of the Sisseton Sioux. 

 Kap'oja.— Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 217, 1897. 

 Kapoza.— Riggs quoted by Dorsey, ibid. 



Kapulo. The now extinct Crane clan 

 oftheTewaof Hano pueblo, n. l. Arizona. 

 Ka-pu'-lo.^Fewkes in Am. Anthrop., vii, 166, 

 1894. Kapulo-towa.— Hodge, ibid., ix, 350, 1896 

 (ioi<'a=']ie()ple'). 



Kaquaith. A former Clallam village at 

 Port Discovery, Wash. 



Ka-kaitl.— Gibbs, Clallam and Lummi, 20, 1863. 

 Ka-quaith.— Stevens in Ind. Aff. Rep., 4.57, 1854. 

 Ka-quaitl.— Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 435, 1855. 

 Skwa-kwel.— (iibbs, Clallam and Lummi, 20, 

 1863. Squah-quaihtl.— U. S. Ind. Treat., 800, 1873. 

 Squa-que-hl.— Gibbs in Pac. R. R. Rep., 1, 429, 1855. 



Karaken {Kard^ken, 'it is white'). A 

 traditionary Iroquois town belonging to 

 the Bear clan and designated as one of 

 recent formation. (j. n. b. h. ) 



Karakenh. — Hale, Iroquois Book of Rites, 120, 

 1S^3. Karaken.— Ibid., 121. 



Karakuka. The name given by the 

 main body of the Karok (q. v.) to the 

 divergent dialect spoken on Clear cr. and 

 at Happy Camp, Cal. — A. L. Kroeber, 

 inf'n, 1905. 



Karankawa. A term that seems to have 

 been given originally to a small tribe near 

 Matagorda bay, Texas, but its application 

 has been extended to include a num- 

 ber of related tribes between Galveston 

 bay and Padre id. The signification of 

 the name has not been ascertained. 

 Although the linguistic material o tained 

 is not sufficient to show positive relation 

 to any other language, there are very 

 strong indications of affinity with the dia- 

 lects of the Pakawa group — Pakawa, 

 Comecrudo, and Cotonam — still recog- 

 nized as a part of the Coahuiltecan family. 

 On the other side they were probably con- 

 nected with the Tonkawa. If any of the 

 coast tribes mentioned by Cabeza de Vaca 

 was identical with the Karankawa, which 

 is not unlikely, it is impossible to deter- 

 mine the fact. The first positive notice 

 of them is found in the accounts of La 

 Salle's ill-fated visit to that section. It 

 was on Matagorda l^ay, in the country 

 of the tribe at that time, that this French 

 explorer built his Ft St Louis. Joutel 

 (1687) mentions them under the name 

 Koienkahe (Margry, Dec, iii, 288, 1878), 

 probably a misprint for Korenkake, 

 which is also given. They are repre- 

 sented as living at that time chiefly be- 

 tween St Louis bay (a part of Matagorda 

 bay) and Maligne (Colorado) r., but are 

 the Indians, though mentioned under the 



Bull. 30—05 i2 



name Clamcoets, who massacred all ex- 

 cept 5 of the people left by La Salle at his 

 fort in 1687. If the Ebahamo, Hebobia- 

 mos, Bahamos, or Bracamos were identi- 

 cal with the Karankawa or with a por- 

 tion of the tribe, which is probable, 

 they were living on St Louis or St Ber- 

 nard bay in 1707 (De I'lsle's map in Win- 

 sor. Hist. Am., ii, 294, 1886), and are 

 noticed as living at the same i>lace in 

 1719-21. Their abode is spoken of as an 

 island or peninsula in St Bernard bay 

 (French, Hist. Coll., ii, 11, note, 1875). 

 It appears from documents in the Texas 

 archives that in 1793 a part of the 

 Karankawa had become christianized 

 and were then living at the mission of 

 Nuestra Senora del Refugio (q. v. ), estab- 

 lished in 1791 at the mouth of Mission r. 

 emi)tying into Aransas bay. The pagan 

 portion of the tribe lived at that time 

 contiguous to the Lipan. Later a num- 

 ber of the tribe were living at the mission 

 of Espiritu Santo de Ziiniga. According 

 to Orozco y Berra (Geog., 382, 1864) the 

 territory of the Lipan near the lower Rio 

 Grande bordered that occujiied by the 

 Karankawa in 1796. An incident in the 

 history of the tribe was a fierce battle with 

 Lafitte's band of pirates in consequence 

 of the abduction of one of their women 

 by one of the former; the Indians, how- 

 ever, were forced to retreat before the 

 heavy fire of the buccaneers. With the 

 settlement made by Stephen Austin on 

 the Brazos in 1823 began the decline of 

 the tribe. Conflicts between the settlers 

 and the Indians were frequent, and finally 

 a battle was fought in which about half 

 the tribe were slain, the other portion 

 fleeing for refuge to La Bahia presidio on 

 San Antonio r. They took sides with the 

 Americans in the Texan war of indepen- 

 dence, in which their chief, Jose Maria, 

 was killed, as were most of his warriors, 

 amounting, however, to only about 20. 

 Mention is made of 10 or 12 families liv- 

 ing between 1839 and 1851 on Aransas 

 bay and Nueces r. According to Bonnell 

 (Topog. Descrip. Texas, 137, 1840) the 

 Karankawa in 1840 had become reduced 

 to 100, living on Lavaca bay. In 1844, 

 having murdered one of the whites on 

 Guadalupe r., they fled toward the mouth 

 of the Rio Grande, one part stopping on 

 Padre id. and the other passing into Mex- 

 ico. But few references are made to 

 them after this date, and these are con- 

 flicting. A report quoted by Gatschet 

 says the history of these Indians termi- 

 nates with an attack made on them in 

 1858 by Juan Nepomuceno Cortina with 

 other rancheros, when they were sur- 

 prised at their hiding place in Texas and 

 exterminated. 



The men are described as very tall and 

 well formed, the women as shorter and 



