BULL. 30] 



KI-ON-TWOG-KV KIOWA 



699 



1«;70, t;3, 1858. Saint Stephen. —N. Y. l)of>. Col. Hi.st., 

 Ill, 251, 1853. Thihero. — Conover, op. cit. Tich- 

 ero.— Ibid. Tiohero.— .les. Rel. for 1669, 14, 1858. 



Ki-on-twog-ky. See Cortiplanfer. 



Kiota. Mentioned iii connection with 

 the Shasta and several small Athapascan 

 tribes of s. Oregon as being hostile to 

 white settlers in 1854. They numbered 

 only 8 and their name was po.'ssibly that 

 of their leader. — Ambro.'^e in H. K. F.x. 

 Doc. 93, 34th Cong., 1st sess., 90, 1856. 



Kiowa (from Gu^-l-gwa, or Kd'-i-girh, 

 'principal people,' their own name). A 

 tribe at one time residing abont the upper 

 Yellowstone and Missouri, but better 



known as centering about the upper Ar- 

 kansas and Canadian in Colorado and Ok- 

 lahoma, and constituting, so far as jjresent 

 knowledge goes, adistinctlinguisticstock. 

 They are noticed in, Spanish records as 

 early, at least, as 1732. Their oldest tra- 

 dition, which agrees with the concurrent 

 testimony of the Shoshoni and Arapaho, 

 locates them about the junction of Jeffer- 

 son, Madison, and Gallatin forks, at the 

 extreme head of Missouri r., in the neigh- 

 borhood of the present Virginia City, 

 Mont. They afterward moved down from 

 the mountains and formed an alliance with 

 the Crows, with whom they have since 

 continued on friendly terms. From here 

 they drifted southward along tlie base of 

 the mountams, driven by the Cheyenne 

 and Arapaho, with whom they finally 

 made peace about 1840, after which they 

 commonly acted in concert with the latter 

 tribes. The Sioux clami to have driven 

 them out of the Black hills, and in 1805 

 they were reported by Lewis and Clark as 



living on the North Platte. According to 

 the Kiowa account, when they first 

 reached Arkansas r. they found theirpas- 

 sage opposed by the Comanche, who 

 claimed all the country to the s. A war 

 followed, but peace was finally concluded, 

 when the Kiowa crossed over to thes. side 

 of the Arkansas and formed a confedera- 

 tion with the Comanche, which continues 

 to the present day. In connection with 

 the Comanche they carried on a constant 

 warupon the frontier settlements of Mex- 

 ico and Texas, extending their incursions 

 as far s., at least, as Durango. Among all 

 the prairie tribes they were noted as the 

 most predatory and l)loodthirsty, and 

 have proV)ably killed more white men in 

 proportion to their numbers than any of 

 the others. They made their first treaty 

 with the Government in 1837, and were 

 put on their present reservation jointly 

 with the Comanche and Kiowa Apache in 

 1868. Their last outbreak was in 1874-75 

 in connection with the Comanche, Kiowa 

 Apache, aiid Cheyenne. While i>robal)ly 



never very numerous, they have been 

 greatly reduced by war and disease. 

 Their last terrible blow came in the 

 spring of 1892, when measles and fever 

 destroyed more than 300 of the three 

 confederated tribes. 



The Kiowa do not have the gentile sys- 

 tem, and there is no restriction as to inter- 

 marriage among the divisions, of which 

 they have six, including the Kiowa 

 Apache associated with them, who form 

 a component part of the Kiowa camp 

 circle. A seventh division, the Kuato, is 



