isuLL. 30] 



KIOWA APACHE 



701 



Margry, D6c., ii, 20l, 1877 (mentioned with Gat- 

 tatka, or Kiowa Apache;, believed by Mooney to 

 be pt'rhaps tlie Kiowa). Manrhout. — La Salle (ca. 

 1680), ibid., 168. Mayoahc— Coxe, Carolana, 

 ii1apjl741. Ka'la'ni. — Mooney in 17tli Rep. B. A.E., 

 119, 1.S98 ('many aliens': collective Navaho 

 name for sOtith.erh plains tribes, particularly the 

 Comanche and KitKva). Ne-ci'-he-nen-a. — Hav- 

 den, Ethnog-. and Philol.Mo. Val.,326, 1862, Ni'- 

 chihine'na. — Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 1078, 

 1896 ('river men': Arapalio name). Nitchihi.— 

 GatichetinAm. Antiq.,iv,281,1881. Oways.— Hil- 

 dreth. Dragoon Campaig-ns, 162, 1836 (probable 

 misprintof Kioways). ftuichuan. — La Harpe(1719) 

 in Margry, Dec, v'l, 278. ISSG (probably identical: 

 c=o). ftiiiohohouans. — I'.audrv des Loziere.s, Voy. 

 a la Le., 244, 1802. auiouaha.— .Tontel (1687) in 

 Margrv, Dec, lll, 409, 1878. Q,uiouahan. — Iber- 

 ville, ibid., IV, 464, 1880. Riana.— Kennedy, Texas, 

 I, 189, 1.S41 (misprint). Ryawas. — Morse, Rep. to 

 Sec War, app., 367, 18'22 (misprint). Ryitwas. — 

 Brackenridge, Views of La., 85, 1814 (misprint). 

 Shish-i-nu'-wut-tsit'-a-ni-o. — Hayden, Ethnog. 

 and Philol.Mo. Val., 290, 1862 (improperly given 

 as the Cheyenne name and rendered ' rattlesnake 

 people': Shi'shinoatslta'neo, 'sTiake people,' 



is the Cheyenne name for the Comanche). 

 Te'pda'.— Mooney in 17th Rep. B. A. E., 149, 1898 

 ('coming out': ancient name used to designate 

 themselves; may have been substituted for Kwu'- 

 'da). Tepk'i'nago.— Ibid, ('people coming out': an- 

 otlier form of Te'pda). Tideing Indians.— Orig. 

 Jour. Lewis and Clark, i, 190, 1904. Vi'tiipatu'i.— 

 Mooney in 17th Rep. B. A. E., 149, 1898 ( name used 

 by the Sutava Cheyenne). Watahpahata.— I\Ial- 

 lery in 4th Rep. B. A. E., 109, 1886. Wate-pana- 

 toes. — Brackenridge, View.s of La., 8.5, 1814 (mis- 

 print). Watepaneto.— Drake, Bk. of Inds., xii, 

 1848 (mLsprint). Weta-hato.— Lewis, Travels, 15, 

 1809 (misprint). Wetapahato.— Lewis and Clark, 

 Exped., I, 34, map, 1814. We-te-pa-ha'-to.— Lewis 

 and Clark, Travels, 36, 1806. Wetopahata.— ISIallery 

 in 4th Rep. B. A. E., 109, 1886. Wettaphato.— 

 Morse, Rep. to Sec. War., app., 366, 1822. Wi'- 

 ta-pa-ha.— Riggs-Dorsey, Dakota-Eng. Diet., 579, 

 1890. Witapa'hat.— Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 1078, 1898 (Cheyenne form of Witapiiha'tn). 

 Wi'tapaha'tu.— Ibid, ('island butte people': Da- 

 kotanamel. Witapa'tu.— Ibid. (Cheyenne form). 

 Witap'atu.— Moonevinl7th Rep. B. A. E., 1.50, 1898. 

 Wi-tup-a'-tu.— Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. 

 Val., 290, 1862 (Cheyenne name for Kiowa; incor- 

 rectly given as their name for the Comanche). 



Kiowa Apache. A small Athapascan 

 tribe^ as.^ociate(l with the Kiowa from 

 the earliest traditional period and form- 

 ing a component part of the Kiowa tribal 

 circle, although preserving its distinct 

 language. They call themselves Na-i- 

 shan-dina, 'our people'. In the earliest 

 French records of the 17th century, in 

 Lewis and Clark's narrative, and in their 

 first treaty in 1837, they are called by va- 

 rious forms of 'Gattacka', the name by 

 which they are known to the Pawnee; 

 and they are possibly the Kaskaia, 'Bad 

 Ji earls', of Long in 1820. The Kiowa call 

 them by the contemptuous title Semiit, 

 ' Thieves', a recent substitute for the older 

 generic term Tagiii, applied also to other 

 Athapascan tribes. They are commonly 

 known as Kiowa Apache, imder the mis- 

 taken impresf^ion, arising from the fact of 

 their Atha[)asc:ui affinity, that they are a 

 detached bauil of the Apache of Arizona. 

 On the contrary, they have never had any 

 political connection with the Apache 

 proper, and were probably unaware of 

 their existence until about a century ago. 

 A few Mescalero Apache from New Mex- 

 ico are now living with them, and indi- 

 viduals of the two tribes frequently ex- 

 change visits, but this friendly intimacy 

 is of only 60 or 80 years' standing. The 

 Kiowa Apache did not emigrate from 

 the P. W. into the plains country, but 

 came with the Kiowa from the n. w. 

 plains region, where they lay the scene 

 of their oldest traditions. It is probable 

 that the Kiowa Apache, like the cognate 

 Sarsi, have come down along the e. base 

 of the Rocky mts. from the great Atha- 

 pascan body of the Mackenzie r. basin 

 instead of along the chain of the sierras, 

 and that, finding themselves too weak to 

 stand alone, they took refuge with the 

 Kiowa, as the Sarsi have done with the 

 Blackfeet. As they are practically a part 

 of the Kiowa in everything but language, 

 they need no extended separate notice. 

 Their authentic history begins nearly 70 

 years earlier than that of the Kiowa, they 

 being first mentioned under the name 

 Gattacka by La Salle in 1681 or 1682,_wrjt- 

 ing from a j^ost in what is now Illinois. 

 He says that the Pana ( Pawnee) live more 

 than 200 leagues to the w. on one of the 

 tributaries of the Mississippi, and are 

 "neighbors and allies of the (Tattacka 

 and Manrhoat, wdio are s. of their vil- 

 lage and who sell to them horses which 

 they probably steal from the Spaniards 

 in New Mexico." It is therefore plain 

 that the Kiowa Apache (and formerly 

 also the Kiowa) ranged even at this early 

 period in the same general region where 

 they were known more than a century 

 later, namely, lietween the Platte and the 

 frontier of New Mexico, and that they al- 

 ready had horses taken from the Spanish 



