BOLL. SO] 



KIVEZAKU KLAHOSAHT 



711 



s. line, the exceptions probably being due 

 to the exigencies of the sites. This latter 

 circumstance, however, is not permitted 

 to interfere with the subterranean or semi- 

 subterranean character of the kivas, for 

 so persistently is this feature preserved 

 that convenience of use is saciificed for 

 sites that admit of partial excavation in 

 the rock or the sinking of the chamber 

 below the surface of the mesa summit. 

 Kivas contain few wall openings, and 

 these are very small. The chambers are 

 invariably entered by means of a ladder 

 to the roof and another through a hatch- 

 way. The roof is supported by beams 

 covered with osiers or boards and adolie 

 mortar well tamped; the floors consist 

 usually of smooth sandstone slabs; the 

 walls, which are sometimes decorated 

 with symbolic paintings of directional 

 animals in directional colors, are wholly 

 or partly surrounded by a solid stone- 

 capped adobe bench, and at one end, be- 

 hind the ladder, is a low platform or 

 dais. A shallow fire-pit occupies the cen- 

 ter of the floor, the hatchway being the 

 only means for the passage of the smoke. 

 At the end of some kivas, facing the lad- 

 der, is a small round hole in a stone or slab 

 of Cottonwood — the s'lpapu or shipapulima 

 (the name varying with the language of 

 the tribes) — symbolizing the place of 

 origin and the final place of departure of 

 the Pueblo peoples and the medium of 

 communication with the beings of the 

 underworld. When not in use the sipapu 

 is kept plugged. Behind this orifice an 

 altar, varying with the society and the 

 ceremony, is usually erected, and before 

 it a dry-painting is sometimes made, and 

 numerous symbolic paraphernalia are 

 assembled in prescribed order. See Altar, 

 Ceremony, Pueblos, Shrines. 



ConsultBandelier in Arch. Inst. Papers, 

 III, IV, 1890-92; Gushing in 13th Eep. 

 B. A. E., 1896; Dorsey and Voth in Field 

 Columbian Museum Pub., Anthrop. ser.. 

 Ill, VI, 1901-03; various papers by Fewkes 

 in the reports of the B. A. E., and in Am. 

 Anthrop. and Jour. Am. Folk-lore; 

 Hewett in Bull. 32, B. A. E., 1906; Min- 

 deleff in 8th Rep. B. A. E., 1891 ; Nordens- 

 kiold. Cliff-dwellers of the Mesa Verde, 

 1893; Mrs Stevensonin 11th and 23d Reps. 

 B. A. E., 1894 and 1905; Winship in 14th 

 Rep. B. A. E. , 1896. ( f. w. h. ) 



Kivezaku. A band, apparently of Yuman 

 stock, formerly inhabiting the lower Rio 

 Colorado valley in the present Arizona or 

 California, and who were "conquered, 

 absorbed, or driven out" by the Mohave, 

 according to the tradition of the latter. 

 Kive-za-ku. — Bourke in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, ii, 

 185, 1889. 



Kivitung. A settlement of Akudnirmiut 

 Eskimo on Padli fjord, Baffin land. 



Qivitung.— Boas in 6th Rep. B. A. E., 441, 1888. 



Kivualinak. A Kevalingamiut village 

 near Pt Hope, Alaska. 



Kivualinagmut. — Zagoskin, Desc. Russ. Poss. Am., 

 pt. I, 74, 1847. 



Kiyahani. An Apache clan or band at 

 San Carlos and Ft Apache, Ariz., in 1881. 

 Ki-ya-hanni. — Bourke in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, ni, 

 118, 1890. Ki-ya-jani.— Ibid., Ill (tran.s. 'alkali'). 



Kiyis ( Ki'yis, ' dried meat ' ) . A division 

 of thePiegan tribe of the Siksika. — Grin- 

 nell, Blackfoot Lodge Tales, 209, 225, 1892. 



Kiyuksa ('breakers,' so called because 

 the members broke the marriage law by 

 taking wives within prohibited degrees of 

 kinship). A band of the Mdewakan- 

 ton Sioux which lived in 1811, according 

 to Pike, in a village on upper Iowa r., 

 under chief Wabasha (Minn. Hist. Coll., 

 II, 17, 1860); in 1820 they were on Missis- 

 sippi r. , above Prairie du Chien ( Drake, 

 Bk. Inds., bk. viii, 1848). Long, in 1824, 

 placed them in two villages, one on Iowa r. 

 nearthe Mississippi, theotheron L.Pepin. 

 Their chief village was Winona, on the site 

 of Winona, Minn., in 1858, and the other 

 was where Wabasha is now. 

 Bounding-Wind.— Neill, Hist. Minn., 144, note, 1858 

 (English for Tatepsin, the name of the chief). 

 Keoxa.— Long, Exped. St. Peter's R., I, 383, 1824. 

 Ki-gu-ksa.— Smithson. Misc. Col., xiv, 7, 1878. Ki- 

 yu-ksa.— Ramsey in Ind. Aff.Rep.,81,1850. Kiyuk- 

 san. — Williamson in Minn.Geol. Rep. for 1884, 112. 

 La Feuille' s band. — Long in Min n . Hist. Coll. , II, 24, 

 186U. Ta-te-psin. —Neill. Hist. Minn . , 144, note, 1858. 

 Wabasha's band.— Sen. Ex. Doe. 90, 22d Cong., 1st 

 .sess., 64, 1832. Wabashaw band.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 

 282, 1854. Wabashaw's sub-band of Mede-wakan- 

 t'wans. — Ram.sey in Ind. Aff. Rep., 81, 18.50. 

 Wabushaw. — Prescott in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 n, 169, 1852. Wa-ha-shaw's tribe.— U. S. Ind. 

 Treaties (1836), 875, 1873. Wapasha's band. — 

 Rigg.s, Dak. Gram, and Diet., 131, 1852. Wapa- 

 shaw. — Neill, Hist. Minn., xliv, 18,58 (chief's 

 name). Wapashaw's village. — Throcmorton 

 (1832) quoted by Drake, Bk. Inds., bk. v, 155, 1848. 

 Wa-pa-shee. — Smitlison. Misc. Coll., xiv, art. 6, 8, 

 1878. Wapatha.— Warren in Minn. Hist. Coll., v., 

 1.56, 1885. Wind people. — Dorsey in Am. Natur., 

 115, 1884. 



Kiyuksa. A division of the Upper 

 Yanktonai Sioux. 



Kee-ark-sar. — Corli.ss, LacotahMS.vocab., B.A. E., 

 106, 1874. Kee-uke-sah. — Lewi.s and Clark, Dis- 

 cov., 34, 1806: Orig. Jour. Lewis and Clark, vi, 99, 

 1905. Ku-ux-aws. — Prescott in Schoolcraft, Ind. 

 Tribes, ii, 169, 18.52. 



Kiyuksa. A division of the Brule Teton 

 Sioux. — Dorsev (after Cleveland) in 15th 

 Rep. B. A. E.,^219, 1897. 



Kiyuksa. A division of the Oglala Teton 

 Sioux. 



Breakers of the custom. — Robinson, letter to Dor- 

 sey, 1879. Cut Offs.— Brackett in Smithson. Rep. 

 1876, 467, 1877. Ke-ax-as.— Ibid. Kiocsies.— Ind. 

 Aff. Rep., 250, 187.5. Kiyuksa.— Robinson (1880) 

 quoted by Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 220, 1897. 

 Zuzeca kiyaksa. — Cleveland (1884), ibid. ( = 'bit 

 the snake in two'). Zuzetca-kiyaksa,— Ibid. 



Klahosaht. A Nootka tribe formerly 

 living N. of Nootka sd., Vancouver id. 

 (Sproat, Sav. Life, 308, 1869). Boas was 

 unable to learn anything about them, 

 but the name seems to occur in Jewitt's 

 Narrative as the designation of a small 

 tribe that had been "coiKjuered and in- 

 corporated into that of Nootka." 



