BULL. 30] 



LANGUNTENNENK LANSING MAN 



759 



embrace many that are mutually unin- 

 telligible. While the Eskimo have re- 

 tained their language in all its minor 

 features for centuries, that of the 8alish, 

 who are confined to a small area in 

 the N. Pacific region, is split up into 

 innumerable dialects. The fate of each 

 stock is probably due as nuich to the 

 morphological traits of the language itself 

 as to the effects of its contact with other 

 languages. Wherever al)undant redupli- 

 cation, phonetic changes in the stem, and 

 strong phonetic modifications in compo- 

 sition occur, changes seem to be more 

 rapid than where grammatical processes 

 are based on simple laws of composition. 

 Contact with other languages has had a 

 far-reaching effect through assimilation 

 of syntactic structure and, to a certain 

 extent, of phonetic type. There is, how- 

 ever, no historical proof of the change of 

 any Indian language since the time of the 

 discovery comparable with that of the 

 language of England between the 10th 

 and 13th centuries. 



A few peculiarities of language are worth 

 mentioning. As various parts of the ]iop- 

 ulation speaking modern English differ 

 somewhat in their forms of expression, 

 so similar variations are found in Ameri- 

 can languages. One of the frequent types 

 of difference is that between the language 

 of men and that of womeu. This differ- 

 ence may be one of i)ronunciatinn, as 

 among some Eskimo tribes, or may con- 

 sist in the use of different sets of impera- 

 tive and declarative particles, as among 

 the Sioux, or in otherdifferences of vocab- 

 ulary; or it may be more fundamental, 

 due to the foreign origin of the women 

 of the tribe. In incantations and in the 

 formal speeches of priests and shamans a 

 peculiar vocabulary is sometimes used, 

 containing many archaic and symbolic 

 terms. See Chinook jargon, Linguistic 

 families, Sig)i language. (f. b. ) 



Languntennenk. A village of Moravian 

 Delawares founded in 1770 on Beaver r., 

 probably near the present Darlington, 

 in Beaver co., Pa., by Indians who re- 

 moved from Lawunkhannek. In 1773 

 they abandoned the village and joined 

 the other IMoravians on the Mujikingum, 

 in Ohio. The missionaries called it Eried- 

 ensstadt, q. v. (.J. m.) 



langundowi-Oteey.— Loskiel (1794) cited by Rupp, 

 West. Pa., 47, 1S46. Languntennenk. — Crantz cited, 

 ibid., 47. Languntouenvink, — Zeisberger (1791), 

 Diarv, n. 234, 18S5. Languntoutenuenk. — Crantz, 

 Hist." of the Brethren, 594, 17S0. 



Lansing Man. The name given to a par- 

 tially dismembered human skeleton found 

 in 1902 under 20 ft of undisturbed silt, 

 70 ft from the face of the Missouri r. 

 bluff, near Lansing, Kans. The remains 

 lay partly under a large limestone slab 

 imbedded in a mass of talus at the foot of 

 a shale and limestone cliff, against which 

 the silt was deposited. The i)osition of 



the bones denoted an intentional burial, 

 and not the accidental lodgment of a body 

 at this point. In the walls of the exca- 

 vations made in the formation there was 

 no indication of slipping, sliding, caving, 

 or prolonged surface wash from a higher 

 level; no indication of direct wind or 

 wave action, except a narrow thin layer 

 of dark clay at one part; no distinct 

 lamination, stratification, or assortment 

 of material; no indication that vegetation 

 had ever taken hold; in short, no evi- 

 dence that the mass of silt was due to any 

 other process than a slow, steady accumu- 

 lation, mainly or 

 wholly in quiet 

 water. Thei e 

 were small 

 patches of gra\ el 

 at irregular in- 

 tervals, man\ 

 snail shells, an- 

 gular fragments 

 of limestone wp 

 to3or4in. thick, 

 small scraps of 

 shale, a few peb- 

 bles of glacial 

 drift origin, and 

 a number ol 

 pieces of char- 

 coal, some with 

 fractures and angles not in the least worn. 

 These facts point to an upbuilding partly 

 by wash, partly by winds, partly by creep 

 from the adjacent hills, and partly by 

 sediment from the Missouri. It appears 

 that this deposit could have accumulated 

 within a comparatively short period. 

 Even allowing the utmost limit of time 

 that can be reasonably claimed, namely, 

 that the river has cut its way from the 

 top of the silt deposit to its present grade, 

 the time necessary for at'complishing this 

 will fall very far within the period that 

 must have elapsed since the existing to- 



SKULL, FRONTAL VIEW 



SECTION OF BLUFF SHOWING LOCATION OF SKELETON 

 (o. Entrance to Tunnel; b, position of Remains) 



pography was created, in part at least by 

 streams that could not begin their work 

 until after glacial floods had ceased to 

 act. The bones themselves do not favor 

 the theory of great antiquity for the 

 remains. According to Hrdlicka (Am. 

 Anthrop., v, 323, 1903) the skull and 

 bones are not percejitibly fossilized, and 

 are practically identical in their physical 

 characters with the crania and bones of 

 some of the historic Indians of the general 

 region. The cranium has been placed 

 for safe-keeping in the U. S. National 



